Hidden treasures
It's all about having boundaries
When the Earth Shakes, Rattles and Rolls
Oh, my it's hot!
That old time Rock and Roll
100
This is the name for the crust and upper portion of the mantle
lithosphere
100
A _?_ boundary occurs where two plates come together, while a _?_ boundary occurs where two plates are moving away from each other.
1) convergent; 2) divergent
100
A _?_ is a machine that measures how much the surface of the Earth moves during an earthquake. The _?_ scale tells us the magnitude of an earthquake.
1) seismograph; 2) Richter
100
The type of volcano that has the mildest eruption is a _?_ volcano. These volcanoes can be very large (although not steep) because the lava is runny and has little _?_ in it.
1) Shield; 2) trapped gas or silica
100
The type of weathering that does not alter the chemical composition of rock is called _?_ weathering. An example of this is _?_ where rock fragments (carried in the wind) break rocks into smaller pieces.
1) physical; 2) abrasion
200
The three layers of Earth are the _?_, _?_ and core. The core is made of 2 parts. The outer core is thought to be _?_ while the inner core is thought to be _?_ because of the intense pressure.
1) crust; 2) mantle; 3) liquid/plastic 4) solid
200
_?_ boundaries occur where two tectonic plates slide against each other. When the stress builds up and the rocks break, a(n) _?_ is produced.
Transform fault; earthquake
200
The _?_ is the point on the Earth's surface just above where an earthquake begins. The _?_ is the exact point where the rocks break.
1) epicenter; 2) focus
200
The Ring of Fire is where over 70% of the Earth's active volcanoes are located. This is because an oceanic plate and a continental plate are _?_. The oceanic plate dives beneath the continental plate in a process called _?_. This causes the oceanic plate to melt and produce molten rock called _?_
1) converging; 2) subduction; 3) magma
200
A sedimentary rock that is transformed due to heat and pressure is called a(n) _?_ rock. An igneous rock that is transformed due to weathering and erosion is called a(n) _?_ rock.
1) metamorphic; 2) sedimentary
300
About 80% of the Earth's VOLUME is made up of the _?_. A layer of the Earth that is both the hottest AND solid is the _?_.
a) Mantle; b) inner core
300
Many geological features are a result of moving plate boundaries. Name the boundary/boundaries that cause each of the following: a) mid-oceanic ridges b) volcanoes c) mountains
a) diverging; b) converging, diverging AND hot spots; c) converging
300
We studied 3 types of earthquake waves. Collectively, these waves are called _?_. The fastest are named _?_ waves. _?_ waves travel through the Earth more slowly than the fastest waves. _?_ waves do not originate from the focus; these waves cause the most damage to homes.
1) seismic; 2) p (or primary); 3) s (or secondary); 4) Surface
300
_?_ volcanoes are made of many layers of ash, cinders and lava. In this type of volcano as well as in _?_ volcanoes, the lava has trapped gas so the explosions are more violent. This means that the composition of the _?_ determines the severity of a volcanic eruption.
1) composite; 2) cinder cone; 3) lava/magma
300
Chemical weathering changes the _?_ of rocks. Which of the following would be an example of this type of weathering: abrasion, ice wedging, erosion, acid precipitation?
1) composition; 2) acid precipitation
400
The following are used as evidence for the theory of _?_: some of the continental coastlines fit together like a puzzle; similar fossils are found on different continents; older rocks are found farther apart in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Plate tectonics
400
The alignment of magnetic rock on the ocean floor is used as evidence for _?_. These rocks also give evidence that the Earth's magnetic poles have reversed about every _?_ years.
1) plate tectonics; 2) 200,000
400
A minimum of _?_ seismic stations are necessary to find the epicenter of an earthquake. The seismic stations use the difference in arrival time of _?_ waves and _?_ waves in their calculations.
1) 3; 2) p; 3) s;
400
The _?_ describes how igneous rock can become sedimentary or metamorphic rock.
1) rock cycle
400
The type of rock that forms when magma cools is called _?_ rock. If the magma cools above the surface of the Earth (and therefore cools quickly), the rock is classified as _?_ and will have very small (or no) crystals. _?_ rock is the opposite -- it cools slowly under the surface of the Earth and therefore has large crystals.
1) igneous; 2) extrusive igneous; 3) intrusive igneous
500
The part of the Earth that consists of seven large and several small tectonic plates is the _?_. The theory that states that these plates are moving is called _?_ while the theory that states how and why they move is called _?_
1) lithosphere; 2) continental drift; 3) plate tectonics
500
One hypotheses state that plate movement results from convection currents in the _?_
Asthenosphere
500
_?_ rock can be formed by the weathering of igneous (volcanic) rock. It is the only type of rock that can contain fossils. Before this rock forms however, the small pieces of rock are laid down in a process called _?_
1) Sedimentary; deposition
500
Miscellaneous questions: 1. _?_ is the process by which water transports minerals to lower layers of rock. It is an example of a type of chemical weathering. 2. _?_ consists of physical and chemical processes that break down rocks.
1. Leaching; 2) weathering
500
A _?_ has a characteristic chemical composition, occurs naturally, and has an orderly internal structure. If scientists want to figure out how old the rock is compared to other rocks, they use _?_ which gives the rock's relative age. To find it's true, or _?_ age, they use the decay rate of radioactive isotopes.
1) mineral; 2) the principle of superposition; 3) absolute
M
e
n
u