Rocks and minerals
A pure, naturally occurring substance
Mineral
Where on Earth do most volcanoes form?
The ring of fire
The mechanical and chemical process that break down rocks
Weathering
What is subduction?
When one plate sinks under another pushing into it
What do we call long underwater valleys formed at plate boundaries?
Trenches
Forms by layers of sediment and compression
Sedimentary rocks
What causes earthquakes?
Plates shifting and releasing energy.
The process of laying down the products of weathering
Deposition
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Convergent, divergent, transform
What do we call the bends in rockbed caused by compression forces?
Forms from cooling magma or lava
Igneous rocks
Mantle
When silt, mud, and sand settle to the bottom of bodies of water
Sedimentation
What theory by Wegener was rejected? Why was it rejected?
Plate tectonics
Lack of mechanism
At which type of plate boundary do we usually see volcanoes?
Diverging
What must a mineral have to be able to scratch a different mineral?
Higher hardness
What is the inner core made of?
Solid iron and nickel
The solid layer of rock underneath soil and loose rock
Bedrock
What type of plate boundary helped form the Rocky Mountains?
bonus: What types of plates were involved?
Convergent
(oceanic and continental)
What rock are the Canadian Rockies made of? What type of rock is this?
Limestone, sedimentary
What two things are needed to convert sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure
The point directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Epicentre
What do we call large rocks that have been moved by glaciers from their original source? (Example: Big Rock in Okotoks)
Glacial Erratic
2 pieces of evidence that Wegener had for continental drift?
- Plants that couldn't travel across oceans
- Similar mountain formations on different continents
- Deep scratches in the Earth from glaciers
- Coal deposits formed by ancient forests
The colour powder a mineral leaves behind when you scrape it.
Streak