Inside Earth
What are the four main layers of Earth?
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What natural disaster is measured using the Richter Scale?
What type of rock forms when magma or lava cools?
Igneous
The preserved remains or traces of a once-living organism
A fossil
The Theory that says Earth began as one supercontinent.
Theory of Pangea
Which layer of Earth is made mostly of solid iron and nickel?
Inner Core
Why are cities near tectonic plate boundaries at greater risk for earthquakes and volcanoes?
Plate boundaries are areas where plates move, collide, or slide past each other, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity.
What process breaks rocks into smaller pieces?
Weathering
What type of fossil is a footprint?
Trace Fossil
The two types of Plates
Oceanic & Continental Plates
Why do convection currents happen in the mantle?
Heat from the core
At what type of plate boundary do most earthquakes happen?
Transform
SIX of the properties we use to describe rocks?
What are Colour, Lustre, Streak, Fracture and Cleavage, Hardness.
What plate boundaries result in the formation of mountain ranges?
Collision & Subduction (converging boundaries)
What type of plate boundary forms when two plates move apart?
Divergent Boundary
Which 2 layers of the earth are not solid (or contain parts that are not solid)?
Outer Core & Mantle
What type of rock forms from heat and pressure below Earth’s surface?
Metamorphic Rock
What type of rock are fossils most commonly found in?
Sedimentary rocks
What type of boundary commonly forms volcanoes when an oceanic plate sinks below another plate?
Subduction
Earth’s inner core is hotter than the surface of the Sun, yet it remains solid. Why?
The extreme pressure inside Earth keeps the inner core solid even at very high temperatures.
What are 3 types of weathering?
Mechanical, Chemical, and Biological Weathering
Why is the rock cycle called a “cycle”?
Because rocks continuously change from one type to another over time.
A fossil of a tropical plant is discovered in Antarctica. What does this tell scientists about Earth’s past?
Antarctica was once much warmer and located closer to the equator before the continents moved over time.
Three forms of evidence for the "Supercontinent" Theory.