Finding the Focus
What is the first step in planning an action research project?
Identifying a focus or problem to investigate.
What makes a good research question in action research?
It should be clear, specific, open-ended, and feasible to investigate.
What is informed consent, and why is it important in action research?
It is getting permission from participants before research begins, ensuring they understand the study and agree voluntarily.
Name two types of data collection methods used in action research.
Surveys and classroom observations.
What is action research?
A reflective process where teachers investigate and improve their classroom practices.
Name two strategies to help a teacher find their research focus.
Keeping a teaching journal and brainstorming starter statements.
Rewrite this vague question into a researchable one: "Do students like learning grammar?"
"How does using games in grammar lessons impact student engagement?"
If a student does not want to participate in your research, what should you do?
Respect their decision and offer alternative ways to collect data.
What is the role of literature review in action research planning?
It helps understand previous studies, refine research questions, and provide context.
How is action research different from traditional research?
Action research is practical, conducted by teachers in their own classrooms, and aims to improve teaching, while traditional research is often theoretical and broader in scope.
Why do some teachers struggle to find their research focus?
They may have too many ideas, lack clarity about AR, or find their focus emerges during research.
Why should research questions be open-ended rather than yes/no?
Open-ended questions allow for deeper exploration and analysis rather than simple, limited responses.
How can researchers protect participants' confidentiality?
By anonymizing data, not using real names, and securely storing records.
Why should teachers pilot test their research tools before full implementation?
To check clarity, effectiveness, and make necessary adjustments.
What are the four stages of action research?
Planning, Acting, Observing, Reflecting.
What role does discussing ideas with colleagues play in refining a research focus?
It helps teachers synthesize ideas, gain new perspectives, and clarify their research direction.
What’s wrong with this research question? "How can I make all students love English?"
It's too broad, assumes all students can be made to love English, and is subjective.
What should a teacher-researcher do if their research findings contradict school policies?
Present the data objectively, discuss with administrators, and propose constructive solutions.
How can collaboration with other teachers improve research quality?
It provides different perspectives, validates findings, and enhances professional development.
Who is the main audience for action research findings?
The teacher-researcher, colleagues, school administrators, and sometimes a broader educational community.
Give an example of a broad research focus and a narrowed-down version of the same focus.
Broad: "Improving student engagement." Narrowed: "How does project-based learning impact student participation in speaking activities?"
What is the difference between a descriptive research question and an explanatory one?
A descriptive question seeks to understand what is happening, while an explanatory one looks for reasons why something happens.
Why is transparency important in ethical research?
It ensures participants trust the research process, minimizes bias, and upholds integrity.
What should a teacher-researcher consider when choosing resources for research?
Availability, reliability, ethical considerations, and alignment with the research focus.
Name one well-known researcher in the field of action research in language teaching
Anne Burns.