Plant Vocabulary
This green pigment absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
What is Chlorophyll?
This waxy covering prevents water loss from the leaf surface.
What is the Cuticle?
Monocots have this many cotyledons; dicots have this many.
What are 1 and 2?
Plants are divided into these two main groups based on their transport systems.
What are vascular and non-vascular plants?
Name the three main structures of vascular plants.
What are roots, leaves and stems?
The stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the plant.
What is the petiole?
These specialized cells surround the stomata and control their opening and closing.
What are Guard Cells?
This type of root system has many small roots near the surface and is found in monocots.
What is a Fibrous Root System?
This type of plant absorbs water directly through cell walls. Example: mosses.
What are non-vascular plants?
These are the three main functions of roots.
What are anchor the plant, absorb water and minerals, and store food?
Small openings in the epidermis that allow gas exchange.
What are Stomata?
This layer contains tightly packed cells where most photosynthesis occurs.
What is the Palisade Layer?
Monocots have this leaf vein pattern, while dicots have this pattern.
What are parallel (monocots) and net-like or branching (dicot)?
These seed-bearing plants have "naked seeds" found on cone scales.
What are gymnosperms?
This part of the seed embryo becomes the future root and grows downward during germination.
What is the radicle?
The section of the root where xylem and phloem tissues are produced.
What is the vascular cambium?
This layer has loosely arranged cells with air spaces and contains vascular tissue.
Monocot flowers typically have petals in multiples of this number, while dicots have this many petals.
What are multiples of three (monocots) and 4-5 petals (dicots)?
These flowering plants have seeds enclosed in fruits and are divided into monocots and dicots.
What are angiosperms?
This type of stem is soft, green, flexible, and lives 1-2 years, while this type is tough, rigid, and lives many years
A protective sheath that grows upward to shield the developing shoot as it pushes through soil, found only in monocots.
What is the Coleoptile?
Name both types of vascular tissue found in leaf veins and what each transports.
What are xylem and phloem?
In monocots, vascular bundles are arranged this way; in dicots, they are arranged this way.
What are scattered (monocots) and arranged in a ring (dicots)?
Plants are believed to have evolved from these organisms in the sea, which contain the same types of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments as plants.
What are green algae?
This organelle, found only in plant cells, contains chlorophyll and enables photosynthesis, while this large organelle stores water and sugars to maintain cell rigidity.
What is a chloroplast?