Animal Nutritional Requirements
What are vitamins?
Plants that appear to live on air
What are epiphytes?
This type of digestive tract has compartments to separate various chemical and physical processes and also has one-way flow of food and wastes.
What is a complete digestive tract?
These enzymes are released from the pancreas into the small intestine and digest polypeptides to amino acids.
What are proteases?
Contraction of muscles that moves food down the esophagus to the stomach
What is peristalsis?
What are the two basic reasons animals need to eat?
Plants make their own food via this process.
What is photosynthesis?
Vital organs and glands are connected to the digestive tract as _____.
These structures are found in the mouth and secrete amylase and a slimy substance (mucus).
What are salivary glands?
Proteases are released as inactive form, transferred through the pancreatic duct to the small intestine, and activated there by another enzyme known as
Animals are ______ meaning they get obtain energy and nutrients from other organisms.
What are heterotrophs?
Plants that kill their prey and absorb the prey's nutrients
What are carnivorous plants?
In the complete human digestive tract, food materials are ______ and _____ digested.
What is mechanically and chemically?
This enzyme catalyzes the formation of a bicarbonate ion and a proton.
What is carbonic anhydrase?
This hormone in the stomach signals parietal cells to begin secreting HCl.
What is gastrin hormone?
List at least 2 of the 4 essential nutrients that must be obtained from the diet.
essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals
Most carnivorous plants are found in bogs or other habitats where _____ is scarce?
What is nitrogen?
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates and lipids begins in this location.
What is the mouth
Synthesized and secreted by cells in the tongue; begins the digestion of lipids
What is lingual lipase?
To digest proteins, cells in the stomach lining secrete what 3 things? (list at least 2)
List 3 methods substrates from which animals get chemical energy (nutrients)
Some parasitic plants are heterotrophs producing structures called ______ that can penetrate host vascular systems to obtain water and nutrients (sugars).
Chemical digestion of protein begins in this location.
What is the acidic environment of the stomach?
Cleaves bonds in starch to release dextrins and disaccharides
What is salivary amylase?
The stomach is a tough, muscular pouch bracketed on both ends by ringlike muscles called
What are sphincters?