Category 1
What is the difference between a learned behavior and an innate behavior?
learned behavior is acquired through experience, while innate behavior is instinctive and present at birth
A circannual rhythm occurs...
Once a year
Fleas move towards body heat. This response is...
Positive thermotaxis
Relationship where one species lives off another
Parasitism
Why is competition greatest within species (intraspecifically)?
They have the same needs, tolerance and adaptations
What is the name for daily sleep movements in plants?
Nyctinasty
Active at dawn and dusk
Crepuscular
Slaters move faster in hot conditions. This response is called...
Orthokinesis
Describe a circadian rhythm and its importance to an animal’s survival. Give an example.
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles, like those governing sleep-wake patterns. Sleep patterns. Hormone release. Appetite and digestion
Species which have few young that they invest a lot of care and energy in are considered to be...
K-strategists
Describe altruism in animals. Provide an example.
when they benefit other individuals, even to the potential detriment of themselves. Bees, ants, meerkats
Animals which enter a state of dormancy in the heat of summer are undergoing...
Aestivation
Describe the effect of auxin in a seed's stem and roots showing gravitropism.
Auxin sinks, so in stems it promotes elongation and stems grow up, in roots in inhibits elongation so roots grow down.
Describe the pattern observed when looking at predator-prey population sizes
Prey population rises and falls with predators lagging behind but showing the same rise and fall but at a smaller size
What are two benefits of agonistic displays?
Can resolve conflict without injury/death, survival of the fittest, maintains group stability
Explain why a blast of light will promote flowering in a long day plant if it occurs in the middle of a long night.
Long day plants need short nights in order for Pfr levels to stay high to flower. In a long night the Pfr levels get too low because it slowly reverts back to Pr. A blast of light quickly resets the Pr back to Pfr so levels stay high.
Lupins flower in the summer. Are they SDPs or LDPs?
Long day plants
What causes a mimosa plant to close quickly and what is this response called?
Thigmonasty - touch triggers ions in the pulvinus to be pumped to one side, water follows by osmosis and the flaccid side collapses, closing the leaf inward.
What is a circannual rhythm, and how does it affect animal behavior? Provide an example.
Circannual rhythms are yearly cycles, such as hibernation in bears, triggered by seasonal changes to conserve energy during food-scarce winters.Mass movement of birds for breeding season/in search of resources.
Name two types of exploitation relationships
Predation and parasitism (and herbivory)
Compare and contrast cryptic coloration and mimicry as defense mechanisms. Provide examples of animals that use each.
Cryptic coloration, like in stick insects, blends an animal with its environment, making it harder to spot. Mimicry, such as the viceroy butterfly mimicking the poisonous monarch, deters predators by resembling a dangerous species.
How does having/owning territory reduce competition/infighting/increase survival? Provide specific examples.
It reduces competition for resources such as nesting sites, mates and food. The less likely fighting will occur the more chance to reproduce and energy is spent on protecting young and feeding, meaning stronger genes will get passed on.
What is the non-directional and directional responses for both plant and animals?
Plants: Tropism is the directional growth response towards or away from each other.
Nastic is the non-directional growth movement in response to stimuli intensity
Animals:Taxis is the directional movement towards or away from stimulus
Kinesis (Ortho/Klino)- Rate of turning/speed in relation stimuli intensity
Explain how the concept of ‘photoperiodism’ influences breeding in animals
Photoperiodism is the response to changing day length; for instance, sheep breed in response to shorter days in autumn, ensuring lambs are born in spring when resources are plentiful.
Give the names for mating structures of:
a) 1 male with 1 female
b) 1 male with a harem of females
c) multiple males and females
a) monogamy
b) polygyny
c) polygynandry