Plant Survival on Land
What structure helps prevent plants from drying out on land?
Cuticle
Which tissue transports water upward from roots to leaves?
Xylem
What structure gives plant cells rigidity and support?
Cell wall
What group of organisms are most closely related to land plants?
Green algae
What structures increase water absorption in roots by increasing surface area?
Root hairs
What structures allow gas exchange while helping regulate water loss?
Stomata
Which tissue transports sugars produced during photosynthesis?
Phloem
What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Which plants lack vascular tissue?
Mosses
Which cells control opening and closing of stomata?
Guard Cells
What tissue allowed plants to grow taller by transporting water and nutrients internally?
Vascular tissue
What specialized phloem cells directly conduct sugars in flowering plants?
Sieve tube members
Which plant tissue is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?
Ground tissue (palisade mesophyll)
Which plant group first evolved vascular tissue but still reproduces with spores?
Ferns
Which tissue system protects the plant body and reduces water loss?
Dermal tissue
Which adaptation allowed plants to reproduce without needing free-standing water for fertilization?
Pollen
Which growth tissue produces secondary xylem and phloem in woody plants?
Vascular cambium
Which type of plant cells provide flexible support in growing regions?
Collenchyma
Which plant group produces seeds but not flowers?
Gymnosperms
Why does the central vacuole help plants remain upright?
It maintains turgor pressure.
Why are seeds considered a major evolutionary advantage over spores?
They protect and nourish the embryo and allow dormancy.
Why are tracheids important even though they are dead at maturity?
They provide water transport and structural support.
Why are sclerenchyma cells effective for structural support?
They have thick lignified walls and are often dead at maturity.
Why did angiosperms become the most successful plant group?
Flowers and fruits improved pollination and seed dispersal.
How did vascular tissue change plant ecological success on land?
It allowed taller growth and access to more sunlight while transporting resources efficiently.