Growth Stages
Annuals
Biennials
Perennials and Misc.
Misc.
100
In this stage, the seed leaves (cotyledons) may be present along with the first true leaves. At this stage, plants are small and easily controlled.
What is the seedling stage?
100
Annual plants have this length of life cycle.
What is one-year?
100
Biennials complete their life cycle in this amount of time.
What is two years?
100
Perennial plants have this length of life cycle.
What is more than two years?
100
Fill in the blank: ______________ have a triangular stem.
What is sedges.
200
Flowering and seed production or fruit-set occurs in this stage. Growth is limited and uptake of water and nutrients is slowed. Movement of plant food and herbicides to the roots is also reduced.
What is the reproductive stage?
200
These annuals grow, produce seed, mature, and die before winter.
What is summer annuals?
200
A biennial plant does this during the first year.
What is grow from seed and develop a root system and a compact cluster of leaves (rosette) on the soil surface?
200
Perennial plants may be grouped into three categories based on their root characteristics. What are these three types?
What is simple, bulbous/tuberous, and creeping?
200
Why do liquid sprays penetrate leave surfaces more easily as relative humidity increases?
This increased penetration occurs because spray droplets do not evaporate as fast on the leaf surface. This allows more time for the herbicide to enter the leaf.
300
In this stage, rapid growth of stems, roots and foliage occurs. This corresponds with rapid uptake of water and nutrients, moving of water and nutrients throughout the plant, and the production of plant nutrients through photosynthesis. These activities make many herbicides much more effective in controlling the plant.
What is the vegetative stage?
300
These annuals grow from seeds that germinate in the fall, overwinter as young plants, set seed, mature, and die in the spring or summer.
What is winter annual?
300
A biennial does this during its second year of life.
What is mature, flower, produce seed, and die?
300
Creeping perennials spread vegetatively through these three ways.
What is stolons, rhizomes, or by seed?
300
What parts of plant activity are influenced by temperature?
Adsorption of water, transpiration (the evaporation of water from plants), respiration (plant food is used to produce energy), germination, growth, and reproduction.
400
Plants in this stage are easily controlled with herbicides because the leaf surface is easily penetrated since there is less waxy coating on the leaves and surface hairs.
What is the seedling stage?
400
Fill in the blank: Because the root systems of annual plants do not persist from year to year, _______________ these plants usually controls them.
What is defoliating?
400
Control should be directed at this period of a biennial plant's life.
What is the first year?
400
Define dicotlyedon and give an example.
What is broadleaf plants that have two conspicuous leaf-like structures as they emerge from the soil? They typically have broad leaves with net-like veins. Example could be: clover
400
What is the difference between xylem and phloem?
Xylem tissue moves water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. Phloem transports manufactured plant food (sugars) from the leaves to points of active growth, including root tips, reproductive tissues and storage organs.
500
In this stage, there is little or no growth. Movement of water, nutrients, and herbicides in plants is slow. Application of translocated herbicide in perennials may be most effective at this time.
What is the mature stage?
500
Fill in the blanks: Treating annual plants after __________ ________ is not usually recommended.
What is seed set?
500
This family of plants never produces through a biennial life cycle.
What is grasses?
500
Define monocotyledon and give an example.
What is grasses? Monocots have only one one leaf at germination. Leaves are typically narrow and upright with parallel veins.
500
Describe what happens to a plant during drought conditions and why herbicides are not effective at this time.
Plants undergo growth stress conditions and product thick, waxy layers on their leaves. They may also close their stomates and reduce their metobolic rate to protect against moisture loss. Under these conditions, herbicides do not penetrate the leaf surface or move through the plant easily.
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