Charophytes INTRO
Green Algae fall within Supergroup.
Archaeplastida (Eukarya)
Charophyte algae inhabit
Several adaptations facilitated survival and reproduction on dry land after pplants diverged from their algal relatives.
Alteration of Generations (In plants NOT charohpytes)
You can distinguish plants by whether they have extensive system of
Vascular Tissue.
___ plants dominate.
Vascular plants dominate because they are taller covering the nonvascular plants.
Green algae includes:
Cholorphytes and Charophytes
In certain environments on the edge of the pond, natural selections favors
Individual algae that can survive periods when they are not submerged (drying them out)
Use the process of Meiosis
Sporophytes (2n)
Nonvascular plants that do not have an extensive water/nutrient transpirt system include
Bryophytes
Phlyum Hepatophyta- Liverworts
Phylum Bryophyta - Mosses
Phylum Anthocerophyta - Hornworts
Ancient plants has branched sporophytes that were NOT dependent upon ___ for nutrition.
Gametophytes.
This is because over time competition for space and sunlight increased which led to the evolution of vascular plants making the first forest.
Are Protists who are the most similar to lands plants we see today
Charophytes
Sporopollenin
Use the process of Mitosis
Liver-shaper gametophytes
Phylum Hepatophyta
Mosses and bryophytes life cycles are dominated by _______.
Vascualr plants life cycle are dominated by ___.
Gametophytes. (grow below surface)
Sporophytes. (Larger and more complex then gametophytes)
Example common leafy plants
Most present day plants live on
Land
Charophytes ability to move above the waterline offered enormous benefits including:
Bright sunlight, More Carbon dioxide, Rich in Minerals
Found in plants but not in cholrophyte algae.
Alteration of Generations (Sporophytes and gametophytes),
Walled spores produced in sporangia (sporophyte stage in the plant life cycle)
- Produces spores
-Protected by Sporopollenin (resists harsh environments),
Apical Meristems
- Cell division at tips of roots and shoots to continuously divide and increase exposure to minerals needed
Cuticles (waterproof waxy covering)
- Prevents water loss and protects from microbial invaders
Stomata (Specialized pores)
- Allows for exchange of CO2 and O2 during photosynthesis and open/close due to water requirements
Consists only of sporangium- splits open and releases mature spores at the tip. NO SETA
Hornworts
Carries most of water and minerals one way from the ground to top of plants.
Xylem
Photosynthesis, Food Resources, Creating Habitats
Being out of water is not all good its causes lack of ____ against gravity.
Structural support. Example Jellyfish
The earliest plants did NOT have
True roots and leaves. They used mycorrhizae to gather nutrients.
Familiar "carpet" mosses composed of mainly gametophytes
Sporophytes are usually elongated and visible to naked eye. (turn brownred when ready to release spores)
Phylum Bryophyta
Carries sugars, amino acids, and other organic products from the leaves in a two-way flow.
Phloem