Bryophytes
These small, green, ground-hugging plants are often the first to colonize moist environments and lack true roots, stems, or leaves.
What are mosses?
Lycophytes diverged prior to this reproductive structure.
What is a seed?
This life stage is dominant in vascular plants like these, unlike in mosses.
What is the sporophyte?
This type of plant produces seeds without enclosing them in fruit.
What is a naked seed plant?
This reproductive structure is typically colorful and attracts pollinators.
What is a flower?
Bryophytes lack this key vascular tissue, which is responsible for transporting water and nutrients.
What is xylem?
Lycophytes have this type of leaf, which is characterized by a single vein and no leaflets.
What is a microphyll?
These structures on the underside of leaves release spores.
What are sporangia (or sori)
This structure, often woody, contains the reproductive organs in conifers.
What is a cone?
These structures protect the seed during development and eventually become the fruit.
What are the ovaries (or carpels)?
Bryophytes reproduce using this structure, which is released from the sporophyte and grows into a new plant.
What is a spore?
The reproductive structures of lycophytes are called these, which are often clustered into cone-like formations.
What are strobili?
This vascular tissue transports water from the roots to the leaves.
What is the xylem?
These cells are carried by wind instead of relying on water to reach the egg.
What is pollen?
These are the two types of vascular tissue in flowering plants, responsible for transporting water and nutrients.
What are xylem and phloem?
This is the dominant generation in bryophytes, responsible for photosynthesis and growth.
What is the gametophyte generation?
This period in Earth's history, which began about 359 million years ago, saw the first widespread appearance of lycophytes.
What is the Carboniferous period?
These coiled young leaves slowly unroll as they mature.
What is a fiddlehead?
This vascular tissue moves sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.
What is the phloem?
This term describes plants that have only one seed leaf in their embryo.
What is a monocot?
Bryophytes must grow in this type of environment due to their reliance on water for reproduction.
What is a moist or humid environment?
Lycophytes have this feature in their vascular system that helps with water transport and support.
What is lignin?
This group of plants shares with these the characteristic of reproducing via spores but has narrower leaves.
What are lycophytes?
This ancient group of cone-bearing trees includes the tallest living species.
What are the redwoods (or conifers)?
These structures are responsible for carrying pollen to the female reproductive organs.
What are stamens?