Diversity
This currently monophyletic lineage of plant phyla has pollen but no pollinators.
What are gymnosperms?
The basal whorl of a typical flower is composed of what structures?
What are sepals?
This is a joint-link thickening at the base of a leaf that can expand or contract to allow rapid, growth-independent movement.
What is a pulvinus?
Many carnivorous plants live in soils with this property that makes nitrogen uptake difficult.
What is acidic?
These structures enable selective transport between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
What are plasmodesmata?
About 3/4 of all angiosperm species are in this monophyletic lineage that is sister to the monocots.
What are the eudicots?
The root endodermis is lined with this structure, composed principally of suberin, that blocks apoplastic transport.
What is the Casparian strip?
This hormone is produced in the embryo and endosperm of dormant seeds.
What is abscisic acid (ABA)?
Under the pressure-flow mechanism, when sugar is drawn out of the phloem into a sink tissue, the water is driven here.
What is the xylem?
These molecules are responsible for most of the flavor and aroma that we associated with spices.
What are terpenes?
These plants have lost the ability to photosynthesize and obtain their energy from another plant.
What are holoparasites?
This meristem is responsible for generating new xylem and phloem during secondary growth of a stem.
This hormone is responsible for the phototropic response of the shoot.
What is auxin?
These fungi live in close association with many plant roots and are particularly important in plant phosphorus acquisition.
What are myccorhizae?
These oil-rich structures on seeds promote myrmecochory (i.e. dispersal by ants).
What are elaiosomes, or arils?
These nonvascular plants have persistent sporophytes.
What are hornworts?
The ABC model of floral organ identity was untangled thanks to these kinds of developmental mutants.
What is homeotic?
This is the process of exposing whole plants to cold to enable them competent to flower.
What is vernalization?
In this form of photosynthesis, the stomata are open to allow gas exchange primarily at night.
What is Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)?
This bacterium is used by genetic engineers to integrate foreign DNA into the plant genomes.
What is Agrobacterium tumafaciens?
This living phylum of vascular plants retains the earliest form of leaf to evolve (i.e. microphylls) but lacks macrophylls.
What is the Lycopodiophyta?
The embryo and endosperm are the product of this step of reproduction that is unique to angiosperms.
What is double fertilization?
These amyloplasts enable root tips to detect gravity.
What are statoliths?
The two inputs to the Calvin cycle from the light reactions are ATP and this electron donor.
What is NADPH?
The cry proteins from this organism are widely used for insect control in agriculture, either as an (organic) spray or engineered into genome of the crop.
What is Bt (Bacillus thurengiensis)?