An issue with the tissue.
Do leaf epidermis and stomata fall under dermal, vascular, or ground tissue?
Dermal (skin) tissue, thin and outermost layer of tissue for that organ
True of False: You can culture bacteria at any temperature or pH.
False. Depends on the bacterial species.
True of False: Clinical trials only take place after animal testing and testing in lab-grown human tissue
True.
True or False: Magnesium is vital for plants to make chlorophyll.
True.
Are plants renewable or non-renewable and why?
Renewable, you can keep growing them
Why do some plant tissue have lignified cell walls?
Extra structural support and waterproofing
Which of the following do anaerobic bacteria NOT need in a culture:
A. Moisture
B. Nutrients
C. Oxygen
C. Oxygen - anaerobic bacteria do not use oxygen for respiration.
What kind of participants are included in phase 1 clinical trials?
Healthy volunteers
Explain why photosynthesis is insufficient for plant nutrition.
Need other mineral ions such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus to build different essential biological molecules, aid in reactions/enzyme activities, etc.
DOUBLEEEEEE!!!!!
Name one plant that we obtain fibers from to make plant based products (except cotton).
Coconut husk, flax, hemp, etc
What are the three types of ground tissue, and what are their functions?
Parenchyma - soft tissue, bulk, can become any plant tissue
Collenchyma - flexible support
Sclerenchyma - main structural support (lignified)
Give two examples of asceptic techniques
- using a bunsen burner to sanitise loop, always open the agar plates near a burner, wear gloves, etc.
DOUBLE BLIND? DOUBLE POINTS!!!!
What is a double-blind clinical trial? Why is it conducted?
Neither doctors nor patients know what they receive (old vs new treatment, or placebo);
to reduce bias
UNO REVERSE! DOUBLE POINTS!!!!!!!
Plants provide nutrients to humans. Explain the significance of the plant cell walls to the human diet.
Cell wall have cellulose -> fiber -> peristalsis
What are some benefits of using plant-based plastics and fuels (bioplastics and biofuels)?
- more sustainable, carbon neutral, biodegradable etc
Describe THREE differences between the two vascular tissue involved in transport.
Xylem - dead cells, no end plates, no protoplasm, no companion cells
Phloem - live cells, have cytoplasm, have companion cells to sieve tube elements, have sieve plates and pores
Describe the technique to obtain single bacterial colonies on an agar plate
Streaking across 4 quarters, with the least amount of bacteria in the last quarter that will produce single colonies.
Describe one way in which a clinical trial in phase/stage 2 might differ from phase/stage 3.
Phase 2 - placebo, Phase 3 - compare treatments
Describe the organelle that allows plants to make their own food. Include at least 3 structural components.
Chloroplast - double membrane, grana (stack of thylakoids), lamella (connects grana), thylakoid (contains chlorophyll), stroma, ribosomes, circular DNA, etc.
What are some cons to using plant-based products instead of plastics?
- biodegrading releases methane which is worse than CO2
- expensive
- waste of farm land
etc
What are the symplast and apoplast pathways? What are the pros and cons for each?
Symplast - transport from cell to cell through the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata - slower but more selective
Apoplast - transport from cell to cell through the cell walls (freely permeable) - faster but less selective
Describe the process to study effects of antibiotics on bacterial cultures.
Subject bacteria to antibiotic-soaked paper, incubate for 24-48 hours, and see how big the inhibition zone is.
What is the efficacy of a drug tested during clinical trials?
Under trial conditions, how well does the drug achieve its intended purpose
Other than being an important reactant in photosynthesis, water is vital to plants.
What are the 4 other roles water plays in plants?
1. Turgor pressure
2. Cooling (transpiration)
3. Transport
3. Solvent for reactions
How would you test the tensile strength of plant fibers?
Set up so the fibers are carrying weight, keep increasing the weight until the fiber snaps. The more weight it carries, the more tensile strength it has.