Causes longitudinal growth in both shoots and roots by dividing and differentiating into different plant tissues.
What is the apical meristem.
100
Composed of a layer of tightly packed cells that secrete a waxy cuticle to protect underlying plant tissues.
What is epidermal tissue.
100
The two cell types found in phloem.
What are sieve tube members and companion cells.
100
Absorbs and transports water and dissolved nutrients to stems and leaves, anchors the plant, and can store the products of photosynthesis (example is a carrot).
What is a root.
100
This substance replaces epidermal cells in woody stems and roots.
What is cork.
200
Other terms for longitudinal growth (growth in length) versus growth in girth (diameter).
What is primary growth versus secondary growth.
200
Parenchyma cells in leaves that function to perform photosynthesis.
What are mesophyll cells.
200
A type of xylem cell that connects to another via perforations to form tubes for the purpose of conducting water and dissolved nutrients upward. They are NOT found in gymnosperms.
What are vessel elements.
200
Plant tissue that includes the mesophyll cells of leaves, cortex of the root, and pith of the stem.
What is ground tissue.
200
A type of plant cell that has a thick, lignified cell walls and is dead at maturity. It primarily functions in support and transport.
What is a sclerenchyma cell.
300
An undifferentiated layer of cells in the stems of gymnosperms and angiosperms that forms new xylem inside the stem and new phloem to the outside of the stem.
What is vascular cambium
300
Extensions of root epidermal cells that function to increase the available surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
What are root hairs.
300
The ability of water to travel as a column of water molecules upward from roots due to the negative pressure of transpiration water loss in the leaf.
What is the cohesion tension model.
300
The nonfunctioning secondary xylem in the stem of a tree.
What is heartwood.
300
A cell that requires active transport of K+ ions and water into it in order to open stoma. At night and in severe heat, K+ ions move out and these cells close stomata openings.
What is a guard cell.
400
Found in monocot stems at the base of nodes and leaf blades that allows for rapid growth and regrowth.
What is intercalary meristem.
400
The absorption of water and dissolved nutrients from the epidermis to the root endodermis through the porous space in the cell walls of adjacent plant cells.
What is apoplastic movement.
400
Movement of sugars from the: (1) sugar-rich endosperm of a seed to the tissues of the growing embryo, (2) leaves of a plant in summer to the roots and stems.
What is source to sink (pressure flow hypothesis)
400
The root structure of monocots designed for rapid absorption of water and prevention of soil erosion; opposed to the root structure of dicots that can resist dehydration by burrowing deep into soil.
What are fibrous roots versus tap roots.
400
A structure that is a modified leaf or stem (in grapes) that allow climbing plants to attach to surfaces.
What is a tendril.
500
Caused by the secretion of the hormone "auxin" that promotes growth in the apical meristem while inhibiting growth in the lateral meristems.
What is apical dominance.
500
A thick waxy layer surrounding the root endodermis that regulates the passage of water and dissolved substances into the xylem tissue of the root.
What is the casparian strip
500
Made of fleshy parenchyma cells in the ovary of a plant that have stored sugars. They function in seed dispersal.
What is fruit.
500
An above-ground lateral stem that can lay down new roots giving rise to many new plants; and an undergound stem designed for storage of carbohydrates.
What are stolons and tubers.
500
Located between the phloem and endodermis of a root, this stem tissue can grow lateral roots.