Plants 2

Fill in the Blank

100

___________ _____________ uses chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 to sugar

Calvin Cycle (Lecture 8)

200

Photosynthesis consists of a(n) ___________ suite of REDOX reactions (i.e. it requires energy)

Endergonic (Lecture 8)

300

________ meristems (vascular and cork cambium) produce cells for _________ growth increasing diameter of roots and shoots

Lateral meristems and secondary growth

400

Guard cells take up water, become ____________ and bow out making the stomata __________

Turgid, open (lecture 10) Also guard cells can lose water, becoming flaccid and closing the stomata

500

Photosynthesis is most sensitive to ______ and _____ light because chlorophyll is most senesitve to these wavelengths (hint: answers are colors)

Red and Blue (Lecture 12)

True/False

100

Some plants produce a primary cell wall containing a tough substance called lignin (=wood)

FALSE→ secondary cell walls, not primary(Lecture 8)

200

Veins of eudicots are parallel

FALSE→ veins of eudicots are netlike and veins of monocots are parallel (Lecture 9)

300

Xylem carries water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the shoots, as well as from shoots to roots.

FALSE→ xylem is uni-directional and only ships water and nutrients from roots to shoots, only phloem goes both directions

400

The reactions that produce sugar from CO2 (Calvin cycle) are not directly light dependent

TRUE (Lecture 8)

500

Transpiration does not depend on key properties of water: surface tension, adhesion, cohesion.

TRUE (lecture 10)

Definitions

100

Phototroph

Organism that uses light to make its own food (Lecture 8)

200

Plasmodesmata

Channels through the cell walls connecting adjacent cells (Lecture 8)

300

Chemiosmosis

Creating a gradient of ions via ion pumps and channels allows the cell to do work by using the energy stored in the concentration differences

400

Pleiotropy

One hormone having effects on many different tissues and organs (Lecture 12)

500

Heartwood

xylem tissue that no longer transports water (accumulates resins, gums and provides structural support (dark)) Lecture 9

Calvin Cycle

100

What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle?

1- Fixation 2- Reduction 3- Regeneration

200

TRUE/FALSE: The Calvin Cycle is anabolic

TRUE→ it builds complex molecules from smaller molecules and consumes energy

300

What components are needed to start the Calvin cycle? (what are the inputs, there are 4)

3 5-Carbon chain molecules, CO2, NADPH, ATP

400

What are the outputs or what is produced from the Calvin cycle?

GP3 (1/2 a sugar), ADP, NADP+

500

Where does the Calvin cycle take place in the chloroplasts?

In the stroma

Tony Level!

100

Why is capillary action not a common way of transporting water in plants?

It can only move water short distances (up to 1m vertical stem), it is mainly used in low growing non vascular plants such as mosses

200

List 3 hypotheses for how water moves up a plant:

1- Capillary action 2- Bulk Flow 3- Cohesion tension hypothesis (Lecture 10 see slide 8 for definitions)

300

List 4 features in plant cells but NOT animal cells.

1- Cell wall (mechanical strength) 2- Plasmodesmata (connects cells) 3- Central Vacuole (storage, waste breakdown) 4- Chloroplasts (site of photosynthesis) (Lecture 8)

400

Name 2 of 3 Mechanisms for nutrient uptake by root hairs.

1- Proton pumps (H+ ATPases) create electrochemical gradient (and a membrane potential) 2- Ion channels 3- Potential energy gradient can be used to co-transport of anions

500

Describe each of the two classes of photoreceptors.

1- Blue light photoreceptors, contain phototrophin, and protein encoded by PPHOT1 gene, regulate stomata opening/closing, cytochormes involved in time of flowering 2-absorb red light, show photoreversibility (receptor switches between two forms/conformations), involved in seed germination, shade avoidance, flowering (Lecture 12)