Parts
The hard, outer layer of the seed
The testa/seed coat
The sweet, sugary liquid that bees and other pollinators drink from the base of flowers
Nectar
The part of the embryo that emerges from the seed first
The radicle
The type of seed dispersal that occurs with coconuts near the coast
Water dispersal
The type of seed dispersal that happens with green peas pods pop open
Self/Mechanical/Explosive
Green, leaf-like part of the flower that protects the young flower bud
The sepals
The fine, powdery, substance in flowers that is usually white or yellow
Pollen
True or False? Most plants need warm temperatures to germinate
True
The type of seed dispersal that occurs when the seed or fruit is blown to a new location
Wind dispersal
The type of seed dispersal that occurs when the seed is swallowed by or attaches to a bird
Animal dispersal
The middle or fleshy layer of the fruit structure
The mesocarp
Complete the sentence: A wind pollinated flower usually has its reproductive structures ______________ the petals or bracts.
Hanging outside
Needed for respiration to provide energy for the growing embryo
Oxygen
One importance of seed dispersal
1. to spread seeds far from parent; 2. to reduce competition for resources (e.g. space, water, light, nutrients); 3. to improve distribution of plant species to new areas; 4. to improve food availability; 5. to ensure survival of the plant species
True or False: Birds are the only animals that can help disperse seeds
False
Makes new seeds and plants; The reproductive structures are found here
The flower
Complete the sentence: During pollination, pollen is transferred from the ______ to the ________ of the flowers.
Anther ..... Stigma
The two types of germination
Epigeal and hypogeal
TWO adaptations usually found in seeds or fruits dispersed by ANIMALS
1. burrs or hooks; 2. succulent/juicy fruits; 3. brightly coloured fruits; 4. sweet-smelling fruits; 5. small/easy-to-swallow seeds
TWO adaptations usually found in seeds or fruits dispersed by THE WIND
1. dry; 2. light weight; 3. numerous/plentiful; 4. aerodynamic shape; 5. fluffy or feathery
The part of the seed that is the food store; either one or two present; broken down to release energy; decomposed for nutrients after germination is complete
The cotyledon or seed leaf
The type of pollination that occurs between flowers on different plants
Cross pollination
TWO reasons why water is important for germination.
1.To soften the testa; 2. to cause the seed to swell and burst; 3. to activate the enzymes needed for germination
TWO adaptations usually found in seeds or fruits dispersed by EXPLOSION or MECHANICAL activity (aka SELF dispersal)
1. dry; 2. built up pressure; 3. stored/high tension; 4. hard exterior
TWO adaptations usually found in seeds or fruits dispersed by WATER
1. bouyant/can float; 2. waterproof outer layer; 3. light due to air pockets in spongy pericarp