Vocab
Bryophytes
Mosses
What are the 3 obstacles plants faced when adapting to terrestrial life
1) avoiding dehydration
2) support
3) reproduction without water
What do meiosis and mitosis each produce in the plant cycle?
Meiosis: 2n > n
Mitosis: n > n & 2n > 2n
What is the “real” part of the fungi?
Mycelium
What are the 3 F’s of angiosperms?
Flowers, fruit, and double fertilization
Heterosporous
makes two types of spores
Describe how bryophytes overcame all 3 obstacles
1) grows in wet places, grows short so water is easily diffused
2) grows low to the ground
3) still requires water for fertilization
What ploidy is sporophyte and gametophyte?
Sporophyte: 2n / diploid
Gametophyte: n / haploid
What is septate hyphae?
Which is the dominant stage for mosses?
The gametophyte stage
Archegonium
egg house
Describe how ferns overcame all 3 obstacles
1) became vascular - has xylem to transport water and waxy cuticle to prevent dehydration
2) xylem has thick walls to provide support
3) still requires water for fertilization
What ploidy are spores, gametes, and zygotes?
Spores: n / haploid
Gametes: n / haploid
Zygotes: 2n / diploid
Describe how fungi eat
Secrete hydrolytic enzymes > hydrolysis breaks down molecules > absorb the monomers (nutrients)
Describe the differences between monocots and dicots
Monocots: 4-5 petals & branching veins in leaves
Dicots: multiples of 3 petals & parallel veins in leaves
Coenocytic
Fungal hyphae without septa
Describe how gymnosperms and angiosperms overcame all 3 obstacles
1) became vascular - xylem transports water and waxy cuticle prevents dehydration
2) xylem has thick walls and provides support
3) developed pollen which does not need water for fertilization
Explain the endosperm
The product of double fertilization in angiosperms; meant as food and protect for baby plant; triploid (3n) because it is 1 sperm and 2 eggs
How does fungal morphology promote absorption?
Large surface area to volume
Which tree can live to be super old (around Jesus’ time)
Bristlecone pine
Ripened ovary
Fruit
Where are plants thought to have come from?
The algae in the ocean
What is interesting about where the sporophyte grows from in ferns and mosses?
It grows out of the gametophyte
True or False: majority of the fungal life cycle is diploid
False: it’s haploid for most of its life
Which is more colorful: plants pollinated by bees and other insects or plants pollinated by the wind?
Plants pollinated by bees and other insects