Xylem
What term describes the loss of water vapor from the stems and leaves of plants?
transpiration
Translocation
What type of meristematic tissue is responsible for primary growth?
Apical meristems
What type of symbiotic relationship explains the relationship between pollinators and flowering plants?
mutualistic
How many petals do monocot flowers usually have?
Multiples of 3
Reduced leaves, rolled leaves, thick, waxy cuticle, stomata in pits, low growth, and CAM physiology are adaptations for what kinds of plants?
Xerophytes
What are the two main types of cells that form phloem sieve tubes?
sieve element cells and companion cells
What are the plant hormones that promote growth in the shoot apex and prevent growth in lateral buds? (apical dominance)
Auxins
In monoecious flowers, what are the male and female parts of the flower called (in order)?
Stamen (m) and pistil (f)
What type of leaf veins are characteristic of dicots?
Net-link veins (reticulated)
What are the tapered cells that exchange water solely via pits (leading to a slower rate of water transfer) in the xylem called?
Tracheids
The hydrostatic pressure of water in phloem increases when active transport makes the tonicity of the sap ____.
hypertonic
What term describes the process where light receptors trigger the redistribution of auxin to the dark side of the plant which promotes cell elongation in stems and prevents cell elongation in roots?
phototropism
What portion of a flower will develop into a seed after fertilization?
ovule
When the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is released, what happens to the stomata?
they close as the guard cells become more flaccid
What are some examples of storage organs that act as sinks in plants?
Bulbs, Storage Roots, Tubers
What hormones trigger germination in dormant seeds?
Gibberellins
What is the term for the response of a plant to relative lengths of light and darkness using phytochromes?
photoperiodism
What is the function of the endosperm in a monocot seed?
food store for the developing plant embryo
In the symplastic pathway in a root, water moves continuously through the cytoplasm of cells that are connected via ___
Plasmodesmata
What is the term for the active transport process that requires ATP expenditure to move sucrose into the phloem sieve tubes?
Apoplastic loading
In agriculture, what gas can be used commercially to control the ripening of fruit?
Ethylene (it's the plant hormone responsible maturation and ageing in plants)
In short-day plants, what is the impact of Pfr (active form of phytochrome) on flowering?
it inhibits flowering
What is the function of a micropyle in a dicot seed?
Allow water to penetrate the seed to allow for germination