VOCABULARY
BOUNDARY TYPES
WHAT HAPPENS HERE?
Volcanoes and
the Earth
the Earth
GET MY (CONTINENTAL) DRIFT?
100
This is the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past
What is a fossil?
100
This is where two plates slide past each other in opposite directions
What is a transform boundary?
100
This occurs at a convergent boundary, when one plate is forced back down into the Earth's mantle by another, less dense plate
What is subduction?
100
Mt Kilauea in Hawaii is known as this type of volcano because it is still erupting regularly.
What is an active volcano?
100
The German scientist who now has the last laugh, his idea that the continents were once one big super-continent that broke apart was rejected during his life
Who is Alfred Wegener?
200
This is the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
What is subduction?
200
In this type of plate boundary, two plates move toward each other; sometimes one pushes the other down, sometimes they both fold upwards
What is a convergent boundary?
200
This occurs at a transform boundary, when edges of plates become locked up and their built up energy violently releases
What is an earthquake?
200
These islands are the direct result of plate tectonics, specifically the work of a hot spot
What is Hawaii?
200
This is the super-continents from which our current continents formed
What is Pangaea?
300
The process used by scientists to figure out the age of a fossil. This process involves calculating the decay of carbon atoms.
What is carbon dating?
300
Daily Double!
This is the name of the path along the edge of the pacific ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
300
This happens when the continents slowly move across Earth's surface, floating around on the gooey mantle (the name of a theory)
What is continental drift?
300
This is causing the Atlantic Ocean to grow as it adds new crust to the ocean floor via a divergent boundary, and is steadily increasing the distance between New York and London
What is sea-floor spreading?
300
This is a break in the Earth's crust along which rocks move; you shouldn't feel guilty about it!
What is a fault?
400
This type of fossil must meet 3 criteria: a large number or them, they existed all over the world, and they lived for a short time.
What is an index fossil?
400
The San Andreas Fault is found at this type of plate boundary
What is a transform boundary?
400
These geological structures form when two plates converge upon each other and both rise and fold; some examples are the Adirondacks, the Andes, and the Himalayas
What are mountains?
400
Mount Fuji in Japan is known as this type of volcano because it has not erupted in recent history but may "wake up" and erupt again in the future.
What is a dormant volcano?
400
Name 3 pieces of evidence that support the theory of continental drift
What is: fossils correlating on different continents, mountain ranges correlating, past climate data, glacial scratches lining up across continents, the fit of the shape of the continents
500
This is a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust. No, you cannot eat your dinner on it!
What is a plate?
500
In this type of boundary, two plates move away from each other, creating a gap from which magma can escape
What is a divergent boundary?
500
Sometimes when two plates converge underwater, it creates an underwater disturbance that results in one of these massive waves, whose name comes from Japanese
What is a tsunami?
500
This is the outer layer of the Earth and includes the crust and solid upper mantle.
What is the lithosphere?
500
This is the constant heating and cooling of magma within the mantle and causes the continents to move and drift across the Earth's surface
What are convection currents?
600
This is the scale used to rate the strength of earthquakes around the world.
What is the moment magnitude scale?
600
This type of plate is more dense, so it sinks below another plate at a convergent boundary.
What is an oceanic plate?
600
What type of plates are involved in this boundary?
What are continental plates?
600
This type of volcanic cone is formed by fast-flowing lava.
What is a shield cone?
600
Daily Double!
This is a way that scientists show the history of the Earth- dividing time into segments marked by major events in Earth’s history.