Layers of the Earth
The outermost layer of Earth, composed of solid rock and minerals.
What is the crust
Large, rigid pieces of Earth's crust and upper mantle that move and interact at their boundaries
What are tectonic plates
Earthquakes are caused by stress that builds up over time by the movement of these
What are tectonic plates
These are the 3 main types of volcanoes
What are Shield, Composite (or stratovolcanoes, and Cinder Cone
This is the meaning of the word "tsunami" in Japanese
What is Harbour Wave
A layer of molten iron and nickel located beneath the mantle and surrounding the inner core.
What is the outer core
A plate boundary where two tectonic plates collide, often forming mountains or causing a subduction zone.
What is a convergent boundary
When the stress becomes too much, rocks at the Earth's surface break or slip along this.
What is a fault line
This is a passageway through which magma travels from the magma chamber to the Earth's surface, acting like a pipe, channelling magma, gases, and rock fragments during an eruption
What is the conduit
This natural event is primarily responsible for the creation of Tsunamis
What are earthquakes
As you move closer to the inner core, these two variables increase.
What are pressure and temperature
A plate boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other, often causing earthquakes
What is a transform boundary
Energy waves generated by earthquakes that travel through Earth's layers are called...
What are seismic waves
This Volcano that is close to us erupted on May 18th, 1980
What is Mt. St Helens
This is the maximum height that a tsunami can reach in shallow water
What is 100 feet
The crust is made of solid rock and is divided into these two types.
What is Continental crust and Oceanic crust
A plate boundary where tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and form new crust
What is a divergent boundary
The location within the Earth where an earthquake originates
What is the focus or hypocentre
This type of volcano is formed when gas-charged magma erupts explosively, throwing lava fragments into the air. These fragments cool and fall around the vent, creating a steep-sided volcano. They are usually the result of a single, short-lived eruption
What are Cinder Cone Volcanoes
This is the phenomenon that occurs when a tsunami reaches shallow water
What is wave shoaling
The mantle behaves like a very slow-moving liquid over long periods, like thick syrup. This type of movement helps drive the motion of tectonic plates
What is convection
This German scientist is credited with first creating the Theory of Continental Drift in 1912
Who is Alfred Wegener.
These are the 3 different types of Seismic Waves
What are Primary Waves (P-Waves), Secondary Waves (S-Waves), and Surface Waves
Most volcanoes are formed at plate boundaries, but not all of them. The Hawaiian Islands are an example of a chain of volcanoes formed over one of these special geological events/areas
What are Hotspots
Scientists and policymakers focus on these two things to protect populations from tsunamis
What is early detection and warning systems