Plate Tectonics
Most earthquakes occur A) along tectonic plate boundaries B) near the center of tectonic plates C) in Earth's mantle D) in Earth's core
What is A) along tectonic plate boundaries
In the middle of tectonic plates, volcanoes may form over A) hot spots B) cooling centers C) oceanic-continental collision zones
What is A) hot spots
volcanic cone on the side of a larger volcano
what is a parasitic cone?
Latitude is represented by the lines that go a) north and south or b) east and west around the globe
What is latitude
Evidence that Wegener cited to support his theory of continental drift
similar rocks/fossils on different continents, ancient climate, matching rock forms
Earthquakes release energy in the form of A) seismic waves B) faults C) stress lines D) seismograms
What is A) seismic waves
Which best describes a pyroclastic flow? A) very hot solids and gases that flow down a volcano B) ash, cinders, and bombs that flow down a volcano C) very hot solids and gases that collect in a magma chamber
What is A) very hot solids and gases that flow down a volcano
This is the name of the supercontinent formed by all of the current continents being connected, millions of years ago.
What is Pangaea?
P and S waves are ________________ waves (besides seismic)
body waves
Scientists think that the main driving force of plate tectonics is A) ridge push B) slab pull C) convection in the lithosphere D) convection in the asthenosphere
What is D) convection in the asthenosphere
The point on Earth's surface directly above where rocks first start to move during an earthquake is the earthquake's A) aftershock B) epicenter C) focus D) seismic station
What is B) epicenter
Lava with the most amount of silica
rhyolitic
Most lava is this type
What is basaltic?
Some of the world's highest peaks are found in this mountain range
What are the Himalayas?
1 - 15 centimeters per year
How fast Earth's tectonic plates move
About 80% of all earthquakes occur in a belt around the A) Pacific Ocean B) San Andreas Fault C) North American Plate D) African Rift Valley
What is A) Pacific Ocean
volcanic mud flow
Each increment of one on the Richter scale represents an increase of this much more shaking
10 times
A boundary where ocean crust on one plate is subducted under the ocean crust of another plate gives rise to a _________________________ arc.
What is volcanic island?
Studies of the ocean floor support plate tectonics because oceanic crust A) is younger at a ridge and older near a trench B) is younger at a trench and older near a ridge C) is much older than continental crust
What is A) is younger at a ridge and older near a trench
You need seismograms from at least this many seismic stations to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
What is 3?
The explosiveness of a volcanic eruption depends mostly on these 2 qualities of the magma.
silica and gas content
The kind of seismic wave that alternately compress and expand the material through which they pass
P waves
The kind of earth crust that is forced down into the mantle in a subduction zone
What is oceanic?