Draw a diagram of the interior of earth (the layers)
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
100
What is ONE piece of evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics.
Coastlines of South America and Africa look like they fit together like puzzle pieces
The same plant and animal fossils have been found on both South America and Africa
100
What is a hotspot?
A bubble of magma that is near the surface of the crust
100
What are the two main types of seismic waves?
P Waves (Primary) and S Waves (Secondary)
100
What usually causes a tsunami?
Displacement of water by either an earthquake or a landslide
200
Describe the thickness of the crust in relation to the other layers
Very thin
200
Where do most earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
Plate boundaries
200
Provide evidence that the Yellowstone Supervolcano is active beneath the crust
Geysers
Mudpots
Frequent Earthquakes
Bulges that form
200
What are earthquakes the result of?
Elastic rebound due to the sudden return of deformed rock to its original shape (The land "snapping" back into place)
200
Describe the speed and size of tsunamis in the open ocean
They travel hundreds of miles per hour, but are only a few feet tall.
300
What is the "engine" that drives plate tectonics? What causes this energy to occur?
Heat from the core caused by decaying radioactive elements
300
Where is the youngest sea floor in relation to plate boundaries?
Far away from the boundary...youngest rock is right near the plate boundary
300
What is the difference between a grey eruption and a red eruption? Which is more dangerous
Grey: Pyroclastic flows, ash fall, VERY dangerous
Red: Lava flows, slow/predictable, NOT very dangerous
300
What is the difference between surface waves and body waves?
Body waves travel fast, while surface waves travel slow and cause the most destruction.
300
How are tsunamis different from "regular" waves?
Regular waves are created by the wind, tsunamis are created from the displacement of water.
400
What process moves/pushes plates? Draw a diagram
Mantle Convection
400
What happens when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate?
The oceanic plate goes UNDER the continental plate (is subducted) and often this creates volcanoes
400
What are the three main types of volcanoes?
Composite/Stratovolcano
Shield
Cinder Cone
400
What do earthquakes evidence of?
Plate motion
400
What happens as the tsunami nears shore?
It slows down and gets taller (stacks up)
500
How do scientists know about earth's interior?
Studying earthquake waves using seismometers
500
What is created when a continental plate collides with another continental plate
Mountains
500
What is a lahar?
A mudflow caused by rapidly melting snow/ice that mixes with debris (trees, rocks, etc.)
500
How are earthquakes measured?
Measurement is by magnitude, which is the strength of the earthquake. This is expressed using the Richter Scale
500
Why was the Boxing Day (2004 Indonesia) tsunami so deadly?
Little warning systems in place (no one knew it was coming), hit a lot of low lying islands (no place to run to)