Earth's layers
What is the core made of?
The core is mostly made of Iron and Nickel.
What is a Pangaea?
About 245 million years ago, the continents were joined in a single large landmass they call Pangaea.
How are faults formed?
When rocks break, faults form.
What is a volcano?
A volcano is any place where gas, ash, or melted rock comes out of the ground.
What are Earthquakes?
Earthquakes are ground movements that occur when blocks of rock in Earth move suddenly and release energy.
Describe convection.
The movement of matter that results from differences in density.
Who is Alfred Wegener and what did he claim?
A German scientist that claimed all the continents drifted apart and they were once one big piece of land.
What is deformation?
Deformation is the process by which rocks change shape when under stress.
_________ __________, or hot ash and bits of rock may be ejected into the atmosphere during an eruption.
Pyroclastic materials
Where do most earthquakes occur?
Most earthquakes happen at or near tectonic boundaries.
Name the three chemical layers.
Core(inner and outer core), Mantle, Crust.
What is seafloor spreading?
the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at mid-ocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
Name two kinds of mountains.
Volcanic and Fault block mountains.
What is a hot spot?
A hot spot is a location where a column of extremely hot mantle rock, called MANTLE PLUME, rises through the atmosphere.
What is elastic rebound?
Elastic rebound happens when a rock turns to it's original shape after a sudden snap or earthquake.
Name the types of crusts and name one thing they have in common and one difference.
Continental and Oceanic crust.
-both mainly made of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum.
- oceanic crust is denser and has almost twice as much Iron, Calcium, and Magnesium.
What do Plate tectonics describe?
Plate tectonics describe large scale movement of Earth's lithosphere.
Describe fault blocks, fault plains, hanging walls, and footwalls.
-The blocks of rocks on sides of faults are called fault blocks.
- Fault plain is where fault blocks meet.
- The fault above the fault plain is called the hanging wall.
-The block bellow the fault plain is called the footwall.
Define viscosity.
Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid material, such as lava, to flow. It determines the explosiveness of an eruption.
What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is a series of extremely long waves that can travel across the ocean at speeds of up to 800 km/h.
Name Earth's physical layers in order from outside to inside.
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer core, Inner core.
Describe convergent, Divergent, and Transform boundaries.
-A convergent boundary is a type of boundary where two plates meet together and start to push against one another.
-A divergent boundary is a type of boundary where two plates move away from each other.
- A transform boundary is a type of boundary where two plates slide past each other.
Describe Tension, Compression, and Sheer Stress and the fault they form at.
-Tension is the stress that stretches or pulls rocks apart. (Normal Fault)
-Compression is stress that squeezes or pushes rocks together. (Reverse Fault)
-Sheer Stress is stress that pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions. (Strike-Slip Fault)
Name at least 4 kinds of volcanoes.
- Cinder Cones
- Calderas
- Composite
- Shield
- Submarine
- Lava domes
What causes earthquakes?
Movement of material and energy in the form of heat in Earth's interior contribute to plate motions that result earthquakes.