CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Earth’s outermost layer is broken into pieces called what?
Tectonic plates
Plates collide at ____________________ boundaries.
Convergent
The place where two plates meet is called a what?
Plate Boundary
Volcanoes form at boundaries where plates
Converge or diverge
Plates move apart at ____________________ boundaries.
Divergent
About 250 million years ago, all of Earth’s landmasses were joined together in one huge supercontinent. What was it called?
Pangaea
Plates slide past each other at ____________________ boundaries.
Transform
The underwater mountain chains where new crust forms are called what?
Mid-ocean ridges
When melted rock is still below Earth’s surface, before it erupts from a volcano, it is called what?
Magma
When rocks beneath Earth’s surface break from built-up stress, they release energy in the form of what?
Seismic waves
The rigid outer layer of Earth made up of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle is called what?
Lithosphere
What type of boundary creates mountains like the Himalayas
Convergent (continental-continental collision)
The movement of molten material in the mantle that drives plate motion is called what?
Convection Currents
The top of a volcano, where magma and gases escape, is called the
Crater
What type of fault forms when rock is pulled apart by tension forces?
Normal fault
What two types of evidence showed continents once fit like puzzle pieces
Fossils and animals
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of which type of plate boundary.
Transform boundary
The deepest parts of the ocean floor, found at subduction zones, are called what?
Deep-ocean trenches
The Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanoes located over areas where magma rises through the mantle called
hot spots
When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and sinks beneath it because it is denser, this process is known as what?
Subduction (or a continental-oceanic collision)
Name the scientist who proposed continental drift.
Alfred Wegener
What type of boundary creates rift valleys
Divergent (continental)
The process where new ocean floor forms at mid-ocean ridges is called what?
Sea-floor spreading
What type of volcano is built from alternating layers of ash and lava?
Composite volcano
What type of fault forms when rock is pushed together by compression?
Reverse fault