Earth's Layers
This layer creates volcanic eruptions and new land.
What is the mantle?
Igneous rock that forms below Earth’s surface.
What is intrusive?
Mantle convection is caused by differences in temperature and this property.
What is density?
Plates move toward each other at this boundary.
What is convergent?
Most earthquakes occur here.
What are plate boundaries?
This layer generates Earth’s magnetic field.
What is the outer core?
Metamorphic rock forms from heat and this.
What is pressure?
When mantle material heats up, it becomes less dense and does this.
What is rises?
Plates move away from each other at this boundary.
What is divergent?
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of this.
What is pressure (or energy)?
This keeps the inner core solid despite extreme heat.
What is pressure from the layers above?
The oldest sedimentary layers are found at the ______ of a formation.
What is the bottom?
When mantle material cools, it becomes more dense and does this.
What is sinks?
Plates slide past each other at this boundary.
What is transform?
Plates get stuck because of this force.
What is friction?
This is the rigid outer layer broken into tectonic plates.
What is the lithosphere?
Name one type of evidence scientists use to study Earth’s interior.
What are seismic waves? (rock samples also acceptable)
This process inside Earth moves tectonic plates.
What is mantle convection?
This boundary creates mountains, trenches, and volcanoes.
Convergent
Magma that reaches Earth’s surface is called this.
What is lava?
Explain why the asthenosphere is solid but still able to move.
It is solid rock that can slowly flow due to heat and pressure.
Compare oceanic and continental crust.
Oceanic crust is thinner and denser; continental crust is thicker and less dense.
Explain how mantle convection leads to earthquakes and volcanoes.
Convection moves plates → plates interact at boundaries → earthquakes and volcanoes occur.
Name what each boundary creates.
Convergent → mountains, trench volcanoes, earthquakes
Divergent → volcanoes, earthquakes, mid-ocean ridge
Transform → earthquakes
Why aren’t earthquakes and volcanoes randomly spread across Earth?
Because they occur where tectonic plates meet.