Plate Materials
What are the two main types of Bedrock found in plates?
Granite and Basalt
What is Convection?
Energy transfer/heat production via fluid/gas movement
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, gas
What is a fault line?
a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements
What is a volcano?
What is a caldera?
a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the mantle through the earth's crust
A caldera is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption
What type of Bedrock is dense? What Type of bedrock is not so dense?
basalt, and granite
What is a current?
a body of liquid with a definite movement, generally surrounded by liquid with less movement.
How does Matter change states?
By reaching certain temperatures, or levels of energy, such as boiling or freezing points
What is a plate Boundary?
A plate boundary is a surface or zone across which there is a significant change in the velocity (speed or direction) of motion of one plate relative to an adjacent plate
What is an Earthquake?
Where are earthquakes most common?
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Over 80 per cent of large earthquakes occur around the edges of the Pacific Ocean, an area known as the 'Ring of Fire'
What were the two combinations of materials that are commonly found in crust?
SiAl and SiMa
(Silicon/aluminum, and Silicon/Magnesium)
Where are convection currents found?
The Mantle
What happens to the crust that subducts into the earths mantle?
What is Displacement?
It gets melted down.
A change in position, generally occurring when more of something is added to something, like a hand causing a full glass of water to spill
What are the three main types of plate boundaries?
Divergent, convergent, transform
How do Volcanoes form?
Volcanoes occur when one plate descends, or subducts, under another plate. Subduction allows water from the subducting plate to be driven upward, off the subducting plate and into the mantle wedge.This lowers the melting point of the mantle, and it melts to form magma.This magma will rise and leak into the crust forming a volcano. This process can create a chain of volcanic islands.
What Happens if dense plate materials collide with not so dense plate materials?
Subduction, the more dense plate subducts into the earths mantle
What is the driving force in plate tectonics?
Convection currents
What are the three main types of Rock? (not music)
Sedimentary, Igneous, metamorphic
What is the result of convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries?
C - Mountains, and changes in MT. height/position, Volcanoes through subduction
D- New crust
T- shallow earthquakes, large lateral displacement of rock, and a broad zone of crust deformation
What is the Yellowstone Caldera?
What happens if it erupts?
The Yellowstone Caldera, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano, is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States. If the supervolcano underneath Yellowstone National Park ever had a massive eruption, it could spew ash for thousands of miles across the United States, damaging buildings, smothering crops, and shutting down power plants. It'd be a huge disaster, but not the literal end of the world.
How deep is the Earth's Lithosphere (crust and upper mantle)? and How large is the mantle?
the lithosphere runs 62 miles deep, and the mantle is 1802 Miles thick!
Why do Earthquakes happen
Rock suddenly breaks and there is rapid motion along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. Minor earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, collapse of rock formations on Earth's surface, or underground explosions
What are the driving forces of the rock cycle?
temperature, pressure, Erosion, deposition, and crystallization
What Direction do Convergent plates move?
Divergent?
Transform?
C - Collision
D- Pull apart
T- paralell rubbing
Can volcanoes cause earthquakes, and drive some tectonic activity?
Yes!