Vocabulary
Rigid, but moving, pieces of Earth's surface
Tectonic plates
The only liquid layer
Outer core
Where a mantle plume can create a volcano away from plate boundaries
Hot spot
Mountain formation is an example of a __________________ continental-continental boundary.
convergent
Ocean crust is more ______ than continental crust.
Dense
The theory that all continents are drifting apart
Continental Drift Theory
The rigid part of the Earth including the crust and the upper mantle (makes up the tectonic plates of the Earth)
Lithosphere
the chain of over 300 active volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean
Ring of Fire
Scientist who suggested that continents have been moving apart for millions of years
Alfred Wegener
Kilauea is an example of a ________ volcano.
Shield
When a denser oceanic plate sinks beneath another plate
Subduction
The Earth's thinnest layer is the _____________while the thickest layer is the _____________.
Crust, mantle
___ percentage of volcanoes are located in the Ring of Fire.
75
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a ____________________ boundary.
Transform
Type of volcano that is steep, explosive, and has non-viscous lava
Cinder cone
Type of lava that is non-viscous, fast-flowing, and hot
Pahoehoe
There are __ structural layers and __ chemical layers of the Earth.
3, 5
The ___________ method requires at least 3 seismograph stations to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
Triangulation
__________ currents in the Earth's _________ cause tectonic plates to move.
Convection; mantle
What forms at a Convergent: Continent–Ocean boundary?
Ocean trenches & volcanoes
Peanut butter has high _________ because it is chunky.
Viscosity
What 3 things increase as you go further and further into the Earth?
Heat (temperature), pressure, density
Tallest volcano in the universe
Olympus Mons
Old crust is destroyed at ___________ and new crust is formed at _______________.
Subduction zone, Mid-ocean ridge
Volcanic rock that has high silica content & high viscosity
Rhyolite