Vocabulary
List the 6 layers of the Earth from the inner core outward. Be sure to include lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, and the crust.
The upper mantle is made up of:
asthenosphere & Lithosphere - (These 2 ARE the upper mantle)
Created the Continental Drift Theory
Who is Alfred Wegener (+ 50 if pronounced correctly - "V"egener
Earthquakes, volcanoes and sometimes mountains are usually found near this
What is a plate boundary?
The Himalayan mountains are the result of a ___________________________ boundary.
What is convergent boundary
A number of rigid, but slowly moving, pieces of Earth's surface
What is tectonic plates.
The greatest volume layer of the Earth
What is the mantle. Although the core is actually a little thicker (2200 miles compared to 1800 miles)
Describe the fossil evidence found which supports the continental drift theory
What is fossils of the same animal or plant found in two or three different continents (such as Africa and South America) though they are now thousands of miles apart, with no land bridge possibilities.
The mid-ocean ridge is an example of a ____________________ boundary and
___________ ____________ occurs here where new ocean floor is formed.
What is divergent boundary and
sea-floor spreading occurs here...
Oceanic crust is more ________________ than continental crust, which is why it subducts under continental crust.
What is dense
The theory that all continents were once fragments of Pangaea now drifting apart
What is the Continental Drift Theory
Plates float on top of the _______________________.
What is the asthenosphere
Evidence of tropical plants were found on this very icy continent.
What is Antarctica?
Name four of the major plates
What is any of the following North American plate, South American plate, Eurasian Plate, Indo-Australian plate, African plate, Antarctica plate, Pacific Plate
_________________ are a result from the build up of stress at a plate boundary.
What is earthquakes
States that youngest rocks of ocean floor are at divergent boundaries, moving outward
What is seafloor spreading
The rigid part of the Earth including the crust which makes up the plates of the Earth, and along with the asthenosphere ARE the upper mantle .
What is the lithosphere
Pangaea existed this many millions of years ago
What is around 250 million years ago (200 - 275 is ok)
This is the mechanism which causes the plates to move? (Be very specific.)
What is convection cycles in the mantle (or better, in the asthenosphere)?
Need both for 400 pt. Just convection currents -> 200 pt
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a ____________________ boundary.
What is a transform boundary
Although the hottest layer of the Earth, this layer is solid metal
What is the inner core
The Earth's crust is thinnest under the _____________________ and
thickest under the _____________________.
What is thinnest under the ocean and
thickest under the continents.
Continental Drift Theory was not accepted because it did not explain this
What is how the continents moved what was the mechanism which could move such big plates.
The three types of convergent boundaries
What is
oceanic-oceanic
continental-continental
oceanic-continental
This person used sonar to map the bottom of the ocean and discovered the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean.
Who is Harry Hess!
(It's in your books.)
Complete name of developer of "Continental Drift Theory," along with why it was not accepted.
Alfred Wegener - minus 100 pt. if not pronounced "Vegener."
He lacked a plausible mechanism to explain how solid continents could move, and the scientific community at the time considered the idea too radical to be true.
They did not know that the mantle was a layer of semi-fluid rock that could move through convection currents, a process that provides the driving force for plate tectonics.
The ocean's crust is youngest at _____________________
and oldest near _____________________.
The ocean's crust is youngest at
mid-ocean ridges (where it is being created)
and oldest near the farthest edges of the ocean basins, farthest from the mid-ocean ridges, usually near subduction zones where it is being pushed down into the mantle and recycled.
List the two major landmasses into which the 8 continents were part of before breaking up.
Laurasia (north) - North America, Europe, & Asia
Gondwanaland (south) - South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antartica.
If you can list all 8 continents, but not the two major continents names -100
The two types of divergent boundaries (be specific with names)
and
the three types of plate boundaries.
What are mid-ocean ridges (where oceanic plates spread apart);
What are continental rift zones (where continental plates pull away from each other).
and
What are convergent, divergent and transform boundaries?
What is the sbbreviation used for the instrument used to determine distances in the ocean?
and
For what does the abbreviation stand?
SONAR
and
Sound Navigation and Ranging
without both - only 400 pt.