Earth's layers
Plate Tectonics
Mountain Building
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
100

What are the three compositional layers of Earth?

Crust, mantle, and core

100
What was the single large landmass called that formed about 245 million years ago?
Pangaea
100
What is stress?
The amount of force per unit area that is placed on an object
100
What is a volcano?
Any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground
100
What are earthquakes?
Ground movements that occur when blocks of rocks in Earth move suddenly and release energy
200
The lithosphere is divided into pieces called?
Tectonic plates
200
What are the huge under-water mountain ranges called?
Mid-ocean ridges
200
The blocks on either side of the fault are called?
Fault blocks
200
When do fissure eruptions occur?
When lava flows from giant cracks, or fissures
200
What is the focus, and where is it located?
A place with the Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs
300

What are Earth's five physical layers?

Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, inner core and outer core

300
What's a ridge push and what happens during the process?
Moves plates away from mid-ocean ridges as rocks cool and becomes more dense
300

What are the three types of mountains?

Folded mountains, volcanic mountains, and fault blocks

300
How can calderas form?
The sudden drain of a magma chamber during an explosive eruption
300

How long is the San Andreas Fault, and how deep is it?

At least 800 miles long, and 10 miles deep into the Earth

400
What is convection?
The movement of matter that results from differences in density caused by variations in temperature
400

What are the three types of plate boundries, and how do they form?

Divergent, convergent, and transform. A divergent boundry happen when two plates move away from each other, while convergent boundries form where two plates collide. Last but not least, transform boundries happen at which two plates move past each other horizontally.

400
What are the three types of faults, and how do normal and reverse faults occur?

Normal, strike-slip, and reverse faults. Normal faults occur when rocks are under tension, and reverse faults occur when the hanging wall moves

400
Where do most volcanoes usually occur and what are the three types of them?
Plate boundries, in which areas of large slabs of rock meet in the lithosphere. Composite, shield, and cinder cone are the three types of volcanoes
400
What are tsunamis, how do they occur, and what are some safety tips for them ?
A series of extremely long waves, which travels outward in all directions from the point where the earthquake occured. Whenever you face a tsunami, get to a higher ground elevation so there's a lower chance of being washed away
500
Does the mesosphere float on top of the asthenosphere?
No, the asthenosphere is the layer of weak or soft mantle, which is above the mesosphere
500
What happens during the process of sea-floor spreading?
Molten rock within Earth rises through the cracks in the ridges, cools, and forms a new layer of oceanic crust
500
What is the difference between compression and shear stress?
Compression is stress that squeezes or pushes rocks against one another, on the other hand, shear stress is stress that pushes rocks in parallel, but in opposite directions
500
Where/what is the Ring of Fire?
The Ring of Fire is located around the Pacific Ocean, it was a name to describe the numerous explosive volcanoes.
500
What is elastic deformation, and how does elastic rebound occur?
When rock returns to nearly the same shape after stress is removed is called elastic deformation. Elastic rebound occurs when rock is being pulled or stretched apart like a rubber band, and it snaps, and returns back to normal
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