Layers of the Earth
Plate Boundaries
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Misc.
100
Name the four layers of the Earth in order.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
100
Name the three types of plate boundaries we have studied
Divergent, Convergent, Transform
100
What scale do we use to measure and compare earthquakes?
The Richter Scale
100
What is the name of the area around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes and earthquakes are found?
The Ring of Fire
100
What is the name of the supercontinent that is believed to have existed 250 million years ago?
Pangaea
200
In what layer do we find convection cells that move the plates?
Convection cells are in the mantle
200
What geologic activity do we expect to find at subduction zones?
Earthquakes and volcanoes
200
What type of waves are released by an earthquake? (not tsunamis)
Seismic waves
200
Volcanoes can release ____________ into the atmosphere, which can block the Sun's rays.
Volcanoes can release ASH into the atmosphere, which can block the Sun's rays.
200
Hot matter (rises, sinks) because hot matter becomes (more, less) dense. Less dense material (floats, sinks) above more dense material.
Hot matter rises, because hot matter becomes less dense. Less dense material floats above more dense material.
300
What is the hottest and densest layer of the Earth?
The inner core
300
At what type of boundary do only earthquakes (not volcanoes) occur?
A transform boundary
300
Explain what happens to two plates when an earthquake occurs.
Two plates are pushing against one another, building stress. Then, the plates suddenly slip and release seismic waves
300
Are volcanoes often found in the interior of continents or around the edges of continents?
Volcanoes are more likely to form around the edges.
300
Name 2 pieces of evidence that Pangaea once existed.
The continents fit together like puzzle pieces. The same fossils were found on both South America and Africa, even though these organisms would not have been able to swim across the ocean.
400
What is another name for the crust of the Earth?
The lithosphere
400
At what type of boundary does new seafloor form?
At a divergent boundary
400
What machine do we use to record the strength of an earthquake?
A seismograph
400
Name 3 places where we are likely to find volcanoes. (2 of these places should be types of boundaries)
Divergent boundaries and convergent boundaries. Volcanoes are also found at hot spots.
400
What is the name of the 0 degree line of longitude? What is the name of the 0 degree line of latitude?
0 degree line of longitude = prime meridian 0 degree line of latitude = equator
500
What causes the convection cells in the mantle?
Heat from the core heats up the magma in the mantle. The molecules in the magma move more quickly, taking up more space, thus become less dense. The less dense magma rises upward to the crust. When it gets near the crust, the magma loses it's heat energy and the molecules move less quickly, take up less space, and become more dense. The cooler magma sinks back down towards the mantle and the cycle restarts.
500
Identify and explain what happens at the two types of convergent boundaries
At a subduction boundary, one plate dives beneath another. At a mountain-forming boundary, the two plates "smush" against each other, forming mountains.
500
What's the difference between a focus and an epicenter?
The focus is deep within the Earth, along the fault line. The epicenter is on the surface, directly above the focus.
500
What type of gas builds up to cause eruptions? Where does this gas come from (in a subduction zone)?
Carbon dioxide. The gas comes from the organisms or seawater that is trapped in the layers of sediment in one plate that is being pushed underneath the other plate.
500
New seafloor is created everyday. Why isn't the Earth getting larger?
Because subduction zones occur! Places where one plate is recycled back into mantle.
M
e
n
u