Plate Tectonics
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Convergent, Divergent, and Transform
Name all three major types of volcanoes.
Shield, Composite, Cinder Cone
Name the three types of rock.
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
a crack or break in Earth's crust
fault
How many major plates are there on Earth?
7
(North American, South American, Pacific, Eurasian, Australian, African, Antarctic)
Earthquakes occur in California often because it's on a ______ plate boundary.
transform
Which volcano has lava that is not very viscous and has fairly calm eruptions?
Shield
What has to happen to rock before it is cemented to form sedimentary rock?
Weathering and erosion to break it up into sediment (smaller pieces)
pieces of Earth's crust that float on the mantle and shape Earth's surface
plates
Mt Fuji is an example of which type of volcano?
Composite
Explain the direction of plate movement at each type of boundary.
Convergent: towards each other
Divergent: away from each other
Transform: slide past each other
Explain how fluid the lava is, and what the eruptions are like from a composite volcano.
The lava is thicker than shield volcano lava, and the eruptions can either be calmer or violent.
This type of rock forms from intense heat and pressure, and can sometimes have wavy layers.
Metamorphic
The only type of rock that contains fossils
Sedimentary
Seafloor spreading happens at which type of plate boundary?
Divergent
Explain how a volcano forms (which type of boundary, the processes involved, etc.).
At a convergent boundary, the denser plate will subduct under the other, and the crust will melt into magma. The magma can come up through the crust to erupt as lava.
What determines how violent a volcanic eruption is?
The amount of pressure/gas built up in the magma.
Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive Igneous rock.
Intrusive: forms from magma underground
Extrusive: forms from lava cooling after a volcanic eruption on Earth's surface
Type of volcano with very violent eruptions because there is lots of pressure/gas built up in the magma
Cinder Cone
This type of rock can sometimes have wavy layers.
Metamorphic
Explain the major land features that are usually formed at each plate boundary.
Convergent: mountains, volcanoes, islands
Divergent: rifts or mid-ocean ridges
Transform: earthquakes
Explain the shapes of each type of volcano, and give a real example of each one.
Shield: shaped like a shield. Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
Composite: steep sides, triangle. Mt St Helens (USA)
Cinder Cone: crater shape at top. Puu OO (Hawaii)
Explain the entire rock cycle starting with a volcanic eruption.
After lava erupts out of a volcano, it cools or crystallizes to form igneous rock. Then, it can either undergo heat and pressure to become a metamorphic rock, or it can be weathered/eroded to break into sediment which will then be pressed/cemented together to form a sedimentary rock. From a sedimentary or metamorphic rock, it must melt into magma before cooling and becoming an igneous rock again.
The term that means how fluid or thick a liquid is (like lava)
viscous/viscosity
The Grand Canyon is full of this type of rock!
Sedimentary