A volcano with steep sides made up from layers of ash and lava
What is a stratovolcano/composite cone?
100
The name of the scale which measures the amount of energy released in an earthquake
What is the Richter scale?
100
what we call magma when it is above the Earth's surface
What is lava?
200
The thinnest layer of the Earth's structure
What is the crust?
200
Plates that move along beside each other
What is a transform/conservative boundary?
200
A volcano that is 'sleeping'
What is a dormant volcano?
200
The point within the earth where an earthquake originates
What is the focus of an earthquake?
200
type of volcano formed by runny lava (flows easily)
What is shield volcano?
300
The layer that makes up 82% of the volume of Earth
What is the mantle?
300
Two continental plates that are moving toward each other
What is a convergent/collision boundary?
300
a volcano that is 'dead' and will not erupt again
What is an extinct volcano?
300
a wave/series of waves caused by an underwater earthquake
What is a tsunami?
300
it forms when ash from a volcano mixes with water and travels down a river valley
What is a lahar (mudflow)?
400
The two types of crust are ___________ and _____________.
What is oceanic crust and continental crust?
400
One continental and one oceanic plate moving toward each other
What is a convergent/destructive boundary?
400
The name of the most famous 'belt' of volcanoes around the edge of a tectonic plate
What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
400
a fracture (crack in the earth's surface)
What is a fault/faultline?
400
Scientist who first proposed in 1912 that continents were drifting about the Earth
Who is Alfred Waegner?
500
the name of the currents of mantle that causes the plates to move, first hypothesised by American Henry Hess
What are convection currents?
500
The type of plate boundary where we find ocean trenches
What is convergent/destructive boundary where the ocean plate is subducted
500
the solid material that comes out of a volcano
What is pyroclastic material? (ash, rocks etc)
500
a famous transform boundary in California
What is the San Andreas Fault?
500
A huge crater caused when a volcanic cone collapses into a partly empty magma chamber after a powerful eruption. Often fills with water to make a lake.