Earth's Interior
Drifting Continents
The Mantle
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
100
This layer of the earth is made of Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni).
What is the earth's core?
100
Name the Scientist whom originally hypothesized that the continents were moving from their original location and the year he developed this theory.
Who was Alfred Wegener in 1910?
100
Heat transfer through a liquid.
What is Convection?
100
Waves created by Earthquakes.
What are Seismic Waves?
100
The term describing the bowl-shape and the summit of many volcanoes.
What is a Caldera?
200
The two types of crust and the type of rock they are predominately made of.
What is Oceanic Crust (Basalt) and Continental Crust (Granite)?
200
This supercontinent existed approximately 320 million years ago, followed by another similar continental arrangement about 280 million years ago.
What is Pangea and Gondwana?
200
A ratio comparing the mass of objects to the amount of space the object occupies.
What is Density?
200
A crack in the earths crust.
What is a fault?
200
Thin, soft part of Lithosphere where magma "leaks" through and can eventually become a shield volcano.
What is a Hot Spot?
300
The five scientific terms in order from the surface to the center which the Earth's interior is divided into.
What is the Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core?
300
Wegener presented these 3 peices of evidence to support his theory of how the continents are moving
What is Land Feature evidence, Fossil evidence, and Climate evidence.
300
When this characteristic of matter increases, density decreases and when it decreases, density increases.
What is Volume?
300
This type of Seismic Wave moves very quickly (6km/sec) and go travel through solids, liquids, and gasses.
What is a Primary (P) Wave?
300
This type of Volcano is characterized by steep, symmetrical side, elevations of 8,000 to 14,000 feet, and a central vent with additional clusters of secondary vents.
What is a Composite Volcano (also called a Strato-volcano)?
400
Describe how and where does the Earth's magnetic field is created.
What is the liquid outer core consisting of Iron and Nickel (metals) moving around the solid inner core, also made of Iron and Nickel?
400
Examples of the 3 types of evidence Alfred Wegener used to support his theory.
What is puzzle pieces, fossils of similar organisms on different continents, glaciers in South Africa?
400
This liquid phenomenon occurs in the Mantle and Outer Core and create Continental Drift and the Earth's magnetic field.
What are Convection Currents
400
Every increase of 1.0 on this measurement system relates to an increase of 10x in the magnitude of an earthquake.
What is the Richter Scale?
400
A combination of Hot Spots and Continental Drift results in this formation of islands.
What are Arc Islands?
500
Explain what happens to the temperature and pressure you would feel if you could journey from the crust to the core.
What is the temperature increases (except for the first 20 meters) 1 degree Celsius every 40 meters and the pressure increases approximately 8 pounds for every meter?
500
The 3 types of Tectonic Boundaries and examples of each.
What is a Convergent Boundary (Subduction/Ocean Trenches), Divergent Boundary (Sea-Floor Spreading/Mid-Ocean Ridges/Rift Valley), and Transform Boundary (Faults).
500
Describe the process involved with the circular movement of magma in the mantle. Include the terms temperature, particle movement and spacing, density, rising and sinking in your explanation.
What is the magma nearest to the core is heated, the particles in the magma move faster and take up more space, density decreases, magma rises towards the surface, magma cools, particles slow down and take up less space, density decreases, magma sinks towards the core?
500
Underwater earthquakes often result in these massive transfer of energy across oceans and seas.
What is a Tsunami?
500
Explain the process describing how most of the Volcanoes of the Pacific Ring of Fire are formed.
What is magma rises through cracks in the Lithosphere forced by pressure from the Mantle and Magma Chamber (also called the Magma Reservior).
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