Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
What is the first stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory called?
Sensorimotor stage
What is the conflict in Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development?
Trust vs. mistrust
What strategy is important for managing separation anxiety in hospitalized infants?
Encourage attachment and provide consistent care
What type of play is typical for infants, involving sensorimotor stimulation?
Solitary play with sensory stimulation like rattles and teething toys
What is the term for a healthcare approach that involves the family as part of the care team?
Family-centered care
At what age does the pre-operational stage occur according to Piaget?
2 to 7 years
Which stage involves developing a sense of will and autonomy in toddlers?
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
How should a nurse communicate with a toddler to encourage autonomy?
Offer choices and encourage decision-making within safe boundaries
How does parallel play manifest in toddlers?
Playing alongside peers without direct interaction
What is the primary developmental concern for children facing hospitalization?
Anxiety due to unfamiliar environments and medical procedures
Which cognitive milestone involves understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight?
Object permanence
What is the main psychosocial challenge during adolescence according to Erikson?
Identity vs. role confusion
What approach should be used to teach a school-age child about a medical procedure?
Use concrete explanations and be honest about procedures
What is a key characteristic of associative play in preschoolers?
Engaging in group activities with flexible rules
Which developmental theory emphasizes the importance of mastering tasks to avoid feelings of inferiority?
Erikson's industry vs. inferiority stage
What stage allows children to think logically about concrete events?
Concrete operational stage
In the industry vs. inferiority stage, what key virtue is developed?
Competence
How can nurses support the development of initiative in preschool-aged children?
Support initiative by providing opportunities for independent decision-making
What type of play involves organized team activities for school-age children?
Cooperative play with team sports and shared goals
What term describes the initial response of infants when separated from their primary caregivers?
Separation anxiety
Which stage marks the beginning of abstract and moral reasoning?
Formal operational stage
What age group is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage?
3 to 6 years
Which method is essential for maintaining a sense of control for hospitalized children?
Create safe play spaces and involve children in age-appropriate activities
What role does medical play serve in the hospital setting?
It helps children understand medical procedures and reduces fear
How can play be used as a coping mechanism for hospitalized children?
It provides distraction and emotional expression