Module-1
Define PLCM
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the engineering, design and manufacture, as well as the service and disposal of manufactured products. PLM integrates people, data, processes and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprises.
The preliminary stage of Production planning is
Product development and design
The following is the source(s) for developing new or improved product
A) Research and Development department of the enterprise
(B) Consumer suggestions and Complaints
(C) Other competitive products in the market
(D) All of the above
(Ans: D)
What are the Reasons/Need for Technology Forecasting
1) Increased competition in the global market for innovative and cost competitive products.
Forecasting helps to incorporate technological changes into strategic planning process.
2 The survival, growth and profitability of companies need to predict future technological changes in order to create a solid and sustainable technological base that can withstand or adapt to rapidly changing market requirements.
3) Identify suitable technologies by evaluating various alternatives
4) To provide suggestions for future research (R&D projects)
5) To invest scarce funds in emerging technologies.
6) To analyze the effect of technology on the socio economic aspects of the society
What are the VIRTUAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TOOLS (MODELS)
1) 3D CAD Systems (Software)
2) Digital Mock-up (DMU)
What are the Phases of PLCM
Create
Design
Build
Support
Service
What are the parameters of ENGINEERING DESIGN
1) Identifying the design needs
2) Conducting research
3) Brainstorm & Plan
4) Select a solution
5) Build a prototype
6) Test & Evaluate
7) Redesign to improve
what are the Reasons/Need for NPD
1) Changes in market
2) Changes in technology
3) Increasing competition
4) Diversification of risks
5) Reputation & Goodwill
6) Utilization of Excess Capacity
7) Seasonal fluctuations
8) Growth & Development
What are the Role (Benefits) of Technology Forecasting
1) Identify the limits beyond which it is not possible to plan activities.
2) Establish a feasible rate of progress, so that the plan can be made to take full advantage such rates.
3) Describe the available alternatives and those which can be chosen from.
4) Provide a reference standard for the plan. The plan can thus be compared with the forecast at any point in time to determine whether it can still be fulfilled, or whether, because of changes in the forecast, it has to be changed.
5) Indicate possibilities that might be achieved, if desired.
6) Furnish warning signals, which can alert the decision maker regarding the impossibility to continue present activities.
which are the BUILDING VIRTUAL PRODUCT MODELS
1) Feature based modeling
2) Parametric modeling
3) Feature based parametric design
What are the COMPONENTS OF PLM
(a) Product & Product data
(b) Organizational structure
(c) Business processes & Working methods
(d) Information systems
(e) Interfaces & Standards
What are the PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESS
1) Concept generation
2) Concept screening
3) Feasibility study
4) Preliminary design
5) Design evaluation & improvement
6) Building prototype
7) Executing final design
What are the STRUCTURING NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
1) Idea generation
2) Idea screening
3) Concept development & testing
4) Business strategy analysis
5) Product development
6) Test marketing
7) Commercializing product
What are the Elements of Technology Forecasting
These include:
I) Time period
2) Qualitative
3) Quantitative, and
4) Probability of occurrence
ANALYZING VIRTUAL PRODUCT MODELS
1) Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
2) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
3) Multi-body Simulation (MBS)
What are the PLM FEASIBILITY STUDY
1) Business/Product description
2) Market feasibility
3) Technical feasibility
4) Organization feasibility
5) Financial/Economical feasibility
Designs are periodically modified to
a) improve product performance
b) strive for zero-based rejection and waste
c) make products easier and faster to manufacture
d) all of the mentioned
Answer: d
What are the Components in Building Decision Support System
1) Database Management System (DBMS)
2) Model Management System (MMS)
3) User Interface
What are the Impact of Technological change on society
1) Different products with different features & characteristics like superior in quality, free from pollution, safer, more comfortable, etc., enter into the market in a short span of life. Society depends on business to keep the stream of discovery flowing into useful goods and services for the benefit of mankind.
2) Technological developments make life easy and improve the standard of living in the society. However the improvements in the living conditions are not uniformly distributed among the diverse population in the society. Rising inequality due to wealth/income distribution has been a driver of social unrest, which has significant ramifications for the political arena.
3) New technologies give way for opportunities related to jobs and trade. On the other hand, technologies related to automation replace human labors increasing unemployment in society.
4) Technology has changed the education system and learning methods to a great extent, thereby uplifting the learning interests and abilities of people, and in turn eradicating illiteracy in the society. On the other hand, technological changes have created unethical principles and practices in the society, especially young generations. The government has also been affected by technology change. It has forced upon the government new functions and responsibilities in the form of social security measures and welfare activities
5) Many Technological changes tend to build relationships and bring people together. The key feature of social existence is the development of relations among the people in the society.
What are the PRODUCT DATA TECHNOLOGY
1) Product-defining data relates to the technical requirements that include all kinds of data for the product specification. For example, in the case of automotive product development, the data can be related to driving performance, car weight, fuel consumption, dimensions, targeted vehicle configurations and other factors.
2) Product-describing data relates to the technical product documentation that include all the information that can be found in the Bill of Materials (BOM) list.
3) Geometry data relates to the CAD model files, styling data, geometry data exchange formats, CAD-based product structures and other design-based data.
4) Data Information concerning the development process itself include workflow data, management of resources, data for engineering organization and others.
5) Product configuration data relates to the information about possible variants. For example the data that define the set-up of the car in accordance with the customer order, including the type of engine and transmission, safety features, colors and all possible accessories.
6) Metadata that describes additional product-related facts, such as production-related information or data for calculation and organization.
What are the ELEMENTS OF PLM STRATEGY
1) A vision of tomorrow
2) A realistic assessment of today
3) Plan for bridging the gap between the reality of today and vision of tomorrow
4) Required capabilities and resources to carry out plans
The expected qualities of a product are
a) it satisfies the needs and expectations of the customer
b) it has a pleasing appearance and handles well
c) it has high reliability and functions safely over its intended life
d) all of the mentioned
Answer: d
Types of Decision Support System
1) Communication driven DSS
2) Data driven DSS
3) Document driven DSS
4) Knowledge driven DSS
5) Model driven DSS
METHODS (TECHNIQUES) OF TECHNOLO0GY FORECASTING
1) Exploratory methods
(i) Intuitive method
(ii) Technology monitoring
2) Normative methods
(i) Relevance tree technique
(ii) Morphological analysis
(iii) Mission Flow diagrams
What are the Benefits of Product configurator
1) Time lost entering orders
2) Errors and delays caused by poorly integrated information
3) The daily battle to balance speed and quality
4) Inefficient change management
5) No way to access critical product and industry knowledge