Physical
2. Which term describes potential energy?
A. stored energy
B. future energy
C. kinetic energy
D. invisible energy
A. stored energy
Cells contain smaller parts known as organelles. The nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles are all examples of organelles. What do these organelles have in common?
Unusually cold winters are problematic for Florida manatees. Colder air temperatures lead to colder water, which can lead to manatee illness and death. Fortunately, manatees can take shelter in warmer waters near natural springs and power plants. Which of the following accurately describes this chain of events leading to manatee illness?
a. Changes in the atmosphere cause changes to the hydrosphere, which affects the biosphere.
b. Changes in the hydrosphere cause changes to the biosphere, which affects the atmosphere.
c. Changes in the geosphere cause changes to the hydrosphere, which affects the atmosphere.
d. Changes in the atmosphere affect the cryosphere, which affects the hydrosphere
a. Changes in the atmosphere cause changes to the hydrosphere, which affects the biosphere.
Eric wants to perform an investigation on red blood cells, but before beginning his investigation, he wants to learn more about them. Which of the following is an appropriate reference material that Eric could use to learn more about red blood cells?
A. a friend from school
B. a scientific journal
C. a newspaper editorial
D. a science-fiction book about blood
B. a scientific journal Correct some appropriate reference materials that can be used including a scientific journal
Which of the following is considered to be the broadest taxonomic division?
Pam rubs a balloon on her head and then holds the balloon up against a wall. Why might the balloon stick to the wall?
a. Friction prevents the balloon from sliding down the wall.
b. A chemical reaction causes the balloon to stick to the wall.
c. Electric force causes particles in the balloon and the wall to attract.
d. Magnetism causes an attractive force between the balloon and the wall.
c. Electric force causes particles in the balloon and the wall to attract.
Organisms can be classified either as multi-celled or single-celled. Which of the following groups contains at least some single-celled organisms?
I.bacteria
II.fungi
III.animals
A. II and III only
B. I only
C. I, II, and III
D. I and II only
D. I and II only
For several days, the weather where Cheyenne lives was cool. When the temperature did warm, Cheyenne noticed that it was also very windy. How could winds influence the temperature?
A. Winds carry energy in the form of heat around Earth.
B. Winds are caused by the energy of the sun.
C. Winds move because of differential heating.
D. Winds transfer energy in the form of heat from the air to the ground.
A. Winds carry energy in the form of heat around Earth.
Henry is interested in studying the different techniques perching birds use to build their nests. What type of investigation would best help Henry learn more about this topic?
A. discover a previously unknown perching bird species
B. perform a controlled experiment
C. build a model of a nest
D. make observations in nature
D. make observations in nature Correct different scientific questions and hypotheses require different types of scientific investigations. Some questions can be answered through controlled experiments.
Cindy makes herself a cup of hot chocolate on a very cold day.
If Cindy's hands are very cold and the cup is very hot, heat energy transfers from the cup to her hands because
D. of the temperature difference between them.
1. Which of these is evidence that a force has acted on an object?
A. change in the object’s mass.
B. a stationary object lying on the ground.
C. change in the direction of the object’s motion.
D. the object moving in a straight line at constant velocity.
C. change in the direction of the object’s motion.
The cytoplasm is the watery fluid found within cells. The cytoplasm holds all of the organelles, except _______, in place within the cell.
Augustin visits Panama City, Florida, during the month of May. He feels a shore breeze blowing from the ocean onto the beach. What causes this shore breeze?
a. The ocean is colder than the land.
b. The land is colder than the ocean.
c. The ocean is denser than the land.
d. The land is denser than the ocean.
a. The ocean is colder than the land.
In 1989, two university research scientists reported that they had produced a nuclear reaction
during a simple tabletop experiment. Other scientists, however, were unable to reproduce the results of the original experiment.
1. Which explanation tells why the original results are not characteristic of a good scientific investigation?
A. The results were made public.
B. The research was conducted at a university.
C. The results of the experiment were not reproducible.
D. The experiment did not include sophisticated equipment.
C. The results of the experiment were not reproducible. Correct because experimental results must be reproducible; other scientists must be able to confirm that the results are accurate.
Gina throws a large rock into a waveless pond. The impact of the rock hitting the water causes waves to travel along the pond's surface toward the shore.
If Gina counts the number of waves that reach the shore over a 10‑second period, what property of the waves is he measuring?
2. A rocket burns fuel to create hot gases that explode violently out of the rocket engine. This explosion creates thrust. Thrust is a force that pushes the rocket upward. What force must thrust overcome in order to send a rocket up into space?
A. gravity acting on the rocket
B. gravity acting on the exploding gases
C. friction between the rocket and the ground
D. friction between the rocket and the exploding gases
A. gravity acting on the rocket
Mark has brown hair. His wife, Maggie, also has brown hair. Mark and Maggie have four children. Three children have brown hair, and one child has blonde hair. What is the most likely explanation for this?
The area in which you live has a particular climate. It also has weather. What is the difference between climate and weather
A. Climate is determined by temperature and precipitation, whereas weather is determined only by humidity, air pressure, and wind conditions.
B. Weather is determined by temperature and precipitation, whereas climate is determined only by humidity, air pressure, and wind conditions.
C. Climate is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place, whereas weather is the characteristic climate in an area over a long period of time.
D. Weather is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place, whereas climate is the characteristic weather in an area over a long period of time.
D. Weather is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place, whereas climate is the characteristic weather in an area over a long period of time.
2. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the replication of a scientific investigation?
A. Dr. Abraham performs the same experiment in his own laboratory on five different occasions.
B. Dr. Kim performs an experiment in her laboratory. Then, Dr. Stevens performs the same experiment in his laboratory to verify the results.
C. Dr. Burgess reads about an experiment in a scientific journal. He performs a similar investigation in his own laboratory, but he changes some of the variables.
D. Dr. Jordan visits another scientist and watches the scientist perform an experiment in her own laboratory.
B. Dr. Kim performs an experiment in her laboratory. Then, Dr. Stevens performs the same experiment in his laboratory to verify the results. Correct replication occurs when one scientist repeats another scientist's investigation in his or her own lab. An example of replication is Dr. Kim performs an experiment in her laboratory. Then, Dr. Stevens performs the same experiment in his laboratory to verify the results.
A divergent plate boundary is a boundary at which two tectonic plates move away from each other. As the plates move apart, magma rises upward between them and erupts onto the ocean floor as lava. This lava cools quickly to form solid rock. Over time, these hardened lava flows build up on top of each other and are uplifted by tectonic forces to form mid-ocean ridges.
Based on this information, what type of rock are mid-ocean ridges made of?
D. igneous rock
1. Mechanical energy is the sum of two types of energy—kinetic energy and potential energy. Which of the following is an example of an object that has kinetic energy?
A. a snail crawling across a leaf
B. a computer monitor sitting on a desk
C. a tightly wound spring in a windup toy
D. a roller coaster car stopped, just before it goes downhill
A. a snail crawling across a leaf
In a particular type of cat, coat color follows the dominant/recessive pattern of inheritance. The allele for a brown coat (B) is dominant to the allele for a white coat (b).
A cross between two white-coated cats would result in
Parts of the mantle are able to flow like thick molasses. Other parts of the mantle are very rigid.
Which of the following best describes the mantle?
C. The mantle has properties of both liquids and solids.
3. A scientific investigation is replicable if
A. two different scientists perform different experiments in their own laboratories but they produce the same results.
B. one scientist performs the same experiment in his or her own laboratory and different results are obtained.
C. one scientist performs many different experiments in his or her own laboratory.
D. the same investigation is conducted in two different laboratories by two different scientists and the same results are produced.
D. the same investigation is conducted in two different laboratories by two different scientists and the same results are produced. Correct a scientific investigation is replicable if the same investigation is conducted in two different laboratories by two different scientists and the same results are produced.
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B. How does the angle of the throw affect how far the shot goes? Correct because the observations show how the angle of the shot affects the distance shot travels.