PHARMACODYNAMICS
How medication effects the body
What is pharmacodynamics
The movement and modification of medication inside the body
What is pharmacokinetics
Right patient, right drug, right time, right dose and right route
What are the 5 rights of medication administration
(Men or Women) have a greater risk of adverse drug responses
Who are women
Culture, genetics, gender, smoking and herbs
What are factors affecting drug response
How strongly a drug binds to its receptor site
What is its affinity
Vd
What is the apparent volume of distribution
The large initial dose of a drug to rapidly achieve minimum effective concentration in the plasma
What is the loading dose
Common in older adults, the potentially dangerous use of multiple medications to treat health conditions
What is polypharmacy
Diverse group known to underutilize mental health services, opting instead for folk healers, curanderos, espiritistas, or santeros
Who are Hispanic Americans
Lesser et al., 2008
Specialized proteins found inside a cell or on its membrane
What are receptors
Four different stages abbreviated as ADME
What is absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Which route of drug administration has the greatest bioavailability?
What is intramuscular
Adverse drug response seen in older adults taking anticholinergics
What is urinary retention
The study of how genetics influences drug behaviors
What is pharmacogenetics
A characteristic that distinguishes true receptors from other drug binding sites present in blood and other biological tissues is the characteristic of
What is signal transduction
Stahl, S. M., 2021
Type of membrane transport that secretes non-polar, lipid solubles into proximal tubule
What is passive diffusion
If a patient has liver and kidney disease and given a medication with a half-life of 30hours. A nurse expects the duration of the medication to
What is increase
Because of increased sensitivity and decreased metabolism of long-acting agents like Diazapam, this drug class may be inappropriate with older adults
What are benzodiazepines
An alternative to modern medicine, this approach involves the medicinal use of plants to treat disease and enhance general health and well-being
What is herbal medicine
Which type of drug prevents or inhibits a cellular response
What is an antagonist
The brain's "bouncer" that turns away large, water-soluble medications
What is the blood-brain barrier
3 drugs known to have a narrow margin of safety that require blood levels to be drawn early and throughout therapy to prevent toxicity
What are digoxin, phenytoin and lithium
Common rule of thumb in starting medications on child/ adolescent patients
What is "start low and go slow"
Discontinuation of this antipsychotic in African American patients is partially because of risk for benign ethnic neutropenia
What is clozapine
Kelly et al., 2007