Patho-FIZZ (Nice and Bubbly)
Labs, Symptoms, and Imaging
100
This classic autoimmune demyelinating disease classically has a remitting and relapsing course that often spares the axons BUT can cause severe axonal loss and damage gray matter
What is Multiple Sclerosis
100
This disease is unlike the others in that there's elevated aquaporin-4 antibodies in CSF upon LP.
NMO
200
This demyelinating disease (name the disease) is caused by a virus damaging the myelin creating cells of the CNS (name this cell).
PML and oligodendrocytes.
200
This disease classically presents with optic neuritis, bladder dysfunction, inability to move one eye medially upon instruction (MLF syndrome), sexual dysfunction, and other symptoms depending on area(s) affected.
What is MS.
300
This disease (name the disease) is characterized by antibodies against Aquaporin-4 in this type of CNS cell (name the cell type).
What is NMO and astrocytes.
300
Diagnosis of PML is made by elevated levels of this in CSF.
What is JC virus (via PCR).
400
JC virus, which causes Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised patients, is from this family of DNA viruses.
What is polyomavirus.
400
What a disease this is, where elevated levels of GFAP are sure to arise!
What is NMO. GFAP is a marker for astrocyte damage. While GFAP can be elevated in MS, it's markedly elevated in NMO.
500
As compared to MS, this immune-mediated demyelinating disease causes severe necrotic lesions that predominantly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord only.
What is Neuromyelitis optica.
500
MRI reading of this disease: Diffuse, large > 3 cm lesions in a widespread distribution. Subcortical location rather than periventricular. Spinal cord presentation is rare.
What is PML. Key things that r/o MS or NMO: MS is periventricular and presents with focal, multiple lesions throughout the brain and spinal cord. NMO also typically involves the optic nerve and spinal cord.