Respiratory 1
This test measures lung volumes, capacities, flow rates, and gas exchange to help diagnose COPD, asthma, and other respiratory conditions.
What are pulmonary function tests?
A benign tumor in this master gland can cause hormonal imbalances such as prolactinoma, acromegaly, or Cushing’s disease.
What is a pituitary adenoma?
This minimally invasive procedure uses a scope to diagnose and treat problems inside joints like the knee or shoulder.
What is an arthroscopy?
This non-invasive test uses sound waves on the neck to evaluate carotid artery stenosis and stroke risk.
What is a carotid Doppler ultrasound?
This eye disorder damages the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure from impaired aqueous humor drainage.
What is glaucoma?
This arterial test uses pH, PaCO₂, and HCO₃⁻ values to determine whether a patient is in respiratory or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis.
What are arterial blood gases (ABGs)
Excess growth hormone in adults after epiphyseal closure leads to enlarged hands, feet, and coarse facial features in this disorder.
What is acromegaly?
Low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, especially in older women, leading to fragile bones and fractures, describes this chronic disorder.
What is osteoporosis?
This test records electrical activity of the brain and helps diagnose seizures and other brain function abnormalities.
What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
Clouding of the eye’s natural lens that leads to progressive, painless vision loss and is treated surgically is called this.
What are cataracts?
This invasive procedure drains air or fluid from the pleural space with a large-bore needle and is commonly used for CHF, pneumonia, or empyema.
What is a thoracentesis?
A child with excessive height, large hands and feet, and rapid linear growth before growth plate closure likely has this GH-excess condition.
What is gigantism?
This nuclear imaging test uses a radioactive tracer to detect bone metabolic activity in conditions such as fractures, tumors, or osteomyelitis.
What is a bone scan?
This invasive procedure uses contrast dye injected through a catheter to visualize cerebral blood vessels and can diagnose aneurysms or vascular lesions.
What is a cerebral angiography?
Progressive deterioration of the macula causing blurred central vision and difficulty recognizing faces is this common cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults.
What is macular degeneration?
A collapsed lung caused by air in the pleural space, often presenting with sudden chest pain and decreased breath sounds on one side, is called this.
What is a pneumothorax?
This disorder results from ADH deficiency or kidney insensitivity to ADH and is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and dilute urine with low specific gravity.
What is diabetes insipidus?
This chronic inflammatory joint disease often shows elevated ESR/CRP, positive rheumatoid factor, joint deformity, and systemic inflammation.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Within 24–72 hours after a long-bone fracture, a patient develops respiratory distress, neurologic changes, and a petechial rash on the chest; this complication is suspected.
What is a fat embolism?
Chronic hyperglycemia and hypertension can damage retinal vessels, causing floaters, blurry vision, and potential blindness in this complication.
What is retinopathy (often diabetic retinopathy)?
This sleep-related disorder is caused by relaxation of upper airway structures, leading to repeated episodes of breathing cessation, hypoxia, and loud snoring at night.
What is obstructive sleep apnea?
Fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, bradycardia, and elevated TSH with low T3/T4 suggest this common endocrine condition.
What is hypothyroidism?
Long-term corticosteroid use, peripheral vascular disease, or trauma may lead to death of bone tissue from reduced blood supply, known as this condition.
What is avascular necrosis?
Numbness and tingling in the thumb and first fingers, weak grip, and symptoms worse at night suggest compression of the median nerve causing this syndrome.
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Recurrent severe vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss from excess inner-ear fluid describe this chronic vestibular disorder.
What is Ménière’s disease?