Respiratory 2
This lung infection causes inflamed alveoli that can fill with fluid or pus, leading to cough with sputum, fever, and shortness of breath.
What is pneumonia?
Moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity with thin extremities, and purple abdominal striae are classic signs of this hypercortisol state.
What is Cushing’s disease or Cushing’s syndrome?
A moderate to severe throbbing headache on one side of the head with nausea, photophobia, and possible aura is this type of headache.
What is a migraine?
This bone-stabilizing surgery uses hardware such as plates, screws, or rods to align fractured bones like the femur, humerus, and pelvis.
What is ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation)?
This spinal deformity creates an abnormal S- or C-shaped curve, most commonly developing during adolescence.
What is scoliosis?
Bedridden, post-operative patients who take shallow breaths are at high risk for this partial or complete collapse of alveoli.
What is atelectasis?
Bronze skin, weight loss, hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia appear in this adrenal cortex insufficiency.
What is Addison’s disease?
Sudden onset of “the worst headache of my life” with stiff neck and photophobia may indicate rupture of this abnormal ballooning of a cerebral artery.
What is a brain aneurysm?
This stabilization method uses external pins and rods and is commonly used when fractures have significant soft-tissue injury, burns, or swelling.
What is external fixation?
This autoimmune condition triggers ascending paralysis after a viral or GI infection, and severe cases may cause respiratory failure.
What is Guillain-Barré syndrome?
This chronic inflammatory airway disease is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction and symptoms such as wheezing and chest tightness triggered by allergens or exercise.
What is asthma?
Sudden stress, infection, or abrupt steroid withdrawal in a person with adrenal insufficiency can trigger this life-threatening crisis with severe hypotension and electrolyte derangements.
What is Addisonian crisis?
A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that changes movement, sensation, or consciousness is known as this.
What is a seizure?
This spinal surgery removes the lamina to relieve pressure from spinal stenosis or herniated discs.
What is a laminectomy?
In GBS, this component of the peripheral nerves is attacked, slowing nerve impulses and impairing movement.
What is the myelin sheath?
A genetic disorder of the exocrine glands causing thick, sticky secretions that block lungs and pancreas—often leading to chronic cough and failure to thrive—is called this.
What is cystic fibrosis?
Chronic hyperglycemia from defects in insulin secretion or action defines this metabolic disorder that includes type 1 and type 2.
What is diabetes mellitus?
This progressive condition causes chronic decline in memory, thinking, and behavior, while its acute, usually reversible counterpart causes fluctuating confusion and inattention.
What are dementia and delirium?
This procedure joins two bones together to form a single solid structure, often used in spinal instability or delayed fracture healing.
What is a bone graft or fusion?
Resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability describe this dopamine-deficiency disorder.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Long-term smoking can lead to this progressive disease that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, often presenting with barrel-shaped chest and dyspnea.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
An A1C level is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. A normal A1C is less than this percentage.
What is 5.7%?
Fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia, and positive Kernig’s or Brudzinski’s signs point to inflammation of the meninges known as this.
What is meningitis?
This skin traction uses light weights (5–10 lbs) and must hang freely; the leg must remain straight, and neurovascular PATCHES assessments are essential.
What is Buck’s traction?
In patients with advanced HIV, this parasitic infection causes ring-enhancing brain lesions, seizures, confusion, and unilateral weakness.
What is HIV toxoplasmosis?