Sensory Disorders
What is the medical term for "lazy eye"?
Amblyopia
True or False: You should restrain a child during a seizure.
False
What type of isolation precaution is required for bacterial meningitis?
Droplet precautions
What vitamin/supplement helps prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida?
Folic acid
Is cerebral palsy progressive or non-progressive?
Non-progressive
What is the term for misaligned eyes?
Strabismus
What type of seizure is commonly triggered by fever in young children?
Febrile seizure
Name one classic sign of meningitis in an infant.
Bulging fontanel (also: high-pitched cry, poor feeding, irritability)
What is the surgical device used to drain excess CSF in hydrocephalus?
VP shunt (ventriculoperitoneal shunt)
Name the most common type of cerebral palsy.
Spastic cerebral palsy
What is the most common cause of hearing loss in children?
Otitis media (chronic/recurrent ear infections)
What position should a child be placed in during/after a seizure to protect the airway?
Side-lying (recovery position)
Name one classic sign of meningitis in an older child.
Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), photophobia, severe headache
Name one sign of increased ICP in an INFANT.
Bulging fontanel, sunsetting eyes, high-pitched cry, increased head circumference
What pediatric assessment tool scores eye opening, verbal response, and motor response?
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Which screening test uses a picture or letter chart to assess visual acuity in children?
Snellen chart (or HOTV chart for preliterate kids)
Name two priority nursing actions during an active seizure.
Time the seizure; protect from injury (padding, remove hazards); do NOT restrain; do NOT put anything in mouth
What test is used to confirm bacterial meningitis diagnosis?
Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis)
What type of spina bifida involves the spinal cord/meninges protruding through the spine, covered by a sac?
Myelomeningocele
What GCS score range indicates severe brain injury?
3–8
A child fails a newborn hearing screening. What is the priority nursing action?
Refer for follow-up audiologic evaluation before 3 months of age
What medication is commonly given rectally or intranasally for prolonged seizures (status epilepticus)?
Diazepam (Diastat) or midazolam
What positive sign involves pain/resistance when extending the knee with hip flexed?
Kernig's sign
Post-op after VP shunt placement, what position should the child be kept in?
Flat or as ordered (avoid rapid position changes; monitor for signs of shunt malfunction/infection)
Name two members of the multidisciplinary team involved in cerebral palsy care.
PT, OT, speech therapy, orthopedics, social work (any 2)