Chapter 24
What is the separation of blood and the amount of blood cells in relation to the amount of plasma called?
Hematocrit
During infection, white blood cells increase or decrease?
Increase
What do lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) tell us?
What is the goal for a diabetic for the HBA1c?
< 7%
What does a positron emission tomography (PET) scan show?
Differences in blood flow and oxygen uptake in the cells - it produces digital pictures that show abnormal cells in the body.
What does hemoglobin level measure?
The capacity of blood to transport oxygen from lungs to tissues
What does the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) tell us?
Gives clues about inflammatory conditions
What is a normal calcium level?
9-11 mg/dL
How is midstream urine collected?
External genitalia are cleansed.
Small amount of urine is passed.
Urine is collect midstream in sterile container
Used for cultures when infection is suspected.
What does angiography and arteriography help do?
It can locate lesions, occluded vessels, tumors, and malformed blood vessels. Used to diagnose problems in arteries anywhere in the body.
What is a normal platelet count?
150,000 - 450,000/uL
What is a normal INR?
Not on warfarin = <1 sec
On warfarin = 2 - 3 sec
What is a normal GFR?
90 - 120 mL/min/1.73 m2
What is an x-ray that is passed through the body part and projected on a fluorescent screen called?
Fluoroscopy - it examines movement
What does a treadmill stress test measure?
Cardiac heart rate and blood pressure response to clinically controlled active exercise.
What is a normal hemoglobin level?
Female = 12 - 16 g/dL
What tests tell us how the liver is functioning?
ALT
AST
ALP
Bilirubin
What is a normal potassium level?
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
What are the contraindications for an MRI?
Hip prostheses, implanted pacemakers, defibrillators, artificial cardiac valves, vascular clips or staples from recent surgeries, and any metal.
What does a pulmonary function test (PFT) measure?
Provides information about respiratory function, lung capacity, and diffusion of gases.
What is a normal hematocrit?
Male = 39% - 54%
Female = 36% = 48%
What are some important indicators of kidney dysfunction when it comes to labs?
What is the normal level for total cholesterol?
< 200 mg/dL
What can be done if a patient becomes claustrophobic in the MRI machine?
Coach with deep-breathing and relaxation techniques
What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) measure?
Records the electrical activity of the heart