Chinese domestic politics
While Western media presents China as a single unified actor, _____ do have much freedom in designing and implementing BRI projects.
local actors
China’s Century of _____ had a significant impact on China’s foreign policy.
Humiliation
Governments that derive legitimacy from _____ tend to be more receptive to the BRI
economic development
During the Cold War, China’s involvement in Africa was primarily ______ motivated, as they competed with the USSR influence
____ and ____’s prominent influence in South and Central Asia complicate China’s negotiations for BRI projects.
India / Russia
China’s Belt and Road Initiative is also motivated by domestic economic trends including ______
Overcapacity / Access to natural resources / Market access
To fix their trade deficit with C, in the mid 1800s Britain _____
Got them hooked on Opium
In countries with high levels of ________, policies towards China and the BRI are more flexible and tend to change during power transitions.
elite pluralization
Both Latin America and Africa benefited from the China Boom, which was ________
an economic boom caused by rising commodity prices due to increase demand from China
______ have a stronger influence in China’s relations with Eastern Europe, despite other regions having much larger Muslim populations.
Human Rights
The aggressive and confrontational style of some Chinese foreign policy actors has been termed ______
Wolf Warrior Diplomacy
China and _____ went from cooperative partners to enemies in the 60s. This is known as the _______.
USSR / Sino-Soviet Split
Small nations can take advantage of ____ in their negotiations over BRI projects
competition between regional powers
While some Latin American countries established formal relations with China shortly after the UN switched recognition away from Taiwan, others waited until after ____ in 1979.
The US recognized China
The Debt Trap Diplomacy narrative, while false, originated from the port project in _____
Sri Lanka
In speeches on the BRI, Chinese foreign policy actors tend to use _____ language with multilateral audiences and ____ language with domestic audiences.
Vague / economic and development focused
China’s involvement in the _____ helped unify domestic divisions in the nation
Korean War 1950-53
Countries like Malaysia, that establish ___ in their bureaucracy have an easier time coordinating domestic BRI projects
a BRI office
Chinese lending in Africa to ______ has decreased dramatically in recent years.
nations that have previously defaulted or renegotiated loans
Southeast Asian nations established the regional organization _______, this history of cooperation makes it easier for them to coordinate responses to BRI.
ASEAN-Association of South East Asian Nations
The vague wording of the original BRI Visions and Actions plan is actually a strategic move by the central government to take advantage of ______
local knowledge and initiative
China’s strong response to the ______, helped many developing countries manage the outcome and cast doubt about Western economic dominance
2008 Financial Crisis
When Chinese companies go abroad they tend to use _______ environmental and labor standards.
local
Latin American countries generally have stronger ____ resulting in fewer Chinese laborers in Latin America than in Africa
labor policies
China’s historic funding of _____ in Southeast Asia made many governments wary of cooperating with China
Communist rebellions