Chapter 3– Cell structure & function
The structure in eukaryotic cells that is made of folded membranes studded with ribosomes and is involved with the modification and transport of proteins is the
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
The plasma membrane is composed of
Proteins and phospholipids
First law of thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another
Where does glycolysis take place within the cell?
Cytoplasm
At the cellular level, photosynthesis occurs within
The chloroplast
The structure in eukaryotic cells that is made of various filament capable of giving the cell its shape and moving organelles around in the cell is the
Cytoskeleton
When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed
Active transport
The location on an enzyme at which the enzyme and substrate bind
Active site
The largest number of ATP molecules produced in this phase of cellular respiration
Electron transport chain
What are the two sets of reaction for photosynthesis
Light reactions, Calvin cycle
List the principles of cell theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells; Cells are the most basic unit of structure and function in organisms; All cells come from only other cells
What happens to a red blood cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?
Water rushes out, the cell shrinks and becomes bumpy
Poisons are often enzyme ______
Inhibitors
Muscles undergo fermentation when
Oxygen is limited
What are the products of photosynthesis
Oxygen and carbohydrate
Name 5 structures of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope; Nucleolus; Nuclear pore; Inner & outer membrane; Nucleoplasm
When an intestinal cell ingests substances inside very small vesicles that can only be seen with an electron microscope, this is what type of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis
3 ways to increase enzyme activity
Increase temperature, increase substrate concentration, optimum pH
The phases of cellular respiration
Glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Stages of the Calvin cycle
Carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, regeneration of RuBP
Imagine starting in the innermost space of the chloroplast and moving outward until leaving the chloroplast and entering the cytoplasm. What is the order of structures you would move through?
thylakoid space - thylakoid membrane - grana - stroma - inner membrane - outer membrane
List the 5 types of membrane proteins and explain their function
Carrier protein, channel protein, cell recognition protein, receptor protein, enzymatic protein
If A --> B --> C --> D --> E represents a metabolic pathway, then letter E would be
A product
The final products of glycolysis
Calvin cycle