23. Patterns of Gene Inheritance
Alternative forms of a gene that influence the same trait and are found at the same location in homologous chromosomes
What are alleles?
The location of a gene on a chromosome
What is a locus?
Large-scale evolutionary change, such as the formation of new species.
What is macroevolution?
Group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool.
What is a population?
The study of microbes, a term that includes living organisms such as bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi.
What is microbiology?
The chances that two individuals with wavy hair will have a curly-haired child? (Curly hair and straight hair exhibit incomplete dominance)
What is 25%?
Term used to identify groups of alleles on a chromosome that tend to be inherited together.
What is a linkage group?
Change in the nucleotide structure of an organism’s DNA.
What is a mutation?
Genetic change in a species over time, resulting in the development of genetic and phenotypic differences that are the basis of natural selection; descent of organisms from a common ancestor.
What is evolution?
Halophiles, thermacidophiles, and methanogens are the three types of this domain.
What is archaea?
When two or more genes with multiple alleles affect the same trait in an additive fashion
What is polygenic inheritance?
The movement of a piece of one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome
What is translocation?
Lamarckian belief that characteristics acquired during the lifetime of an organism can be passed on to offspring.
What is inheritance of acquired characteristics?
Description for a population in which the frequency of alleles for a given trait is not changing over time.
What is genetic equilibrium (Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium)?
Accessory rings of DNA that carry certain genes, such as antibiotic resistance
What are plasmids?
Autosomal dominant genetic disorder of the connective tissue, specifically the fibrillin protein.
What is Marfan's Syndrome?
A normal vision male marries a color-blind woman. What percent of their female children will be color-blind?
What is 0%?
Group of organisms that fills a particular classification category.
What is a taxon?
Evidence of evolution, typically fossils, that bear a resemblance to two groups that in the present day are classified separately.
What is a transitional link?
The method by which bacteria reproduce.
What is asexual reproduction by binary fission?
A genetic disorder associated with the lack of an enzyme necessary for the normal metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine
What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Genetic disorder that is characterized by a wasting of muscle tissue; displays an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance.
What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Rapid evolution of several species from a common ancestor into new ecological or geographic zones.
What is adaptive radiation?
Model of evolutionary change in a species which suggests that there are long periods of little or no change, followed by brief periods of rapid speciation.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Conjugation, transformation, and transduction
What are the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer?