The Nervous System - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms/Development
The Nervous System - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms/Development
100
Rearrangement of the cells of the blastula into a three-layered embryo; the three layers are:
What is gastrulation? What is the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm?
100
Cells generating some cell types
What are adult stem cells?
100
When Na+ channels open and Na+ diffuses into the cell, it causes ______________, which is a reduction in the magnitude of the membrane potential
What is depolarization?
100
The brain’s constructions of stimuli
What are perceptions?
100
The simplest form of learning
What is habituation?
200
Depends on immaterial vital force and thus cannot be fully understood in terms of physics and chemistry
What is ontogenesis?
200
Rearranges the cells of a blastula into a three-layered embryo
What is gastrulation?
200
In the transmission of signals, short distances are _________ while long distances are ___________
What are chemical signals and electrical signals?
200
Grey matter contains ____________, while white matter contains _____________
What are cell bodies and myelinated axons?
200
Neurons are arranged according to the part of the body that generates input or receives commands where?
What is the somatosensory and motor cortex?
300
The term used to describe the process by which a cell or group of cells becomes committed to a particular fate; the resulting specialization in structure and function
What is determination and differentiation?
300
Stem cells can develop into different cells types. They may offer a renewable source of replacement cells to treat diseases, conditions, and disabilities
What is the stem cell promise?
300
The myelin covering neurons becomes damaged, affecting neuronal conductivity
What is multiple sclerosis?
300
The brain and spinal cord make up the ________, cranial nerves, ganglia, and spinal nerves make up the _______
What is the CNS and PNS?
300
Astrocytes induce cell lining capillaries in the CNS to form tight junctions, resulting in a __________
What is the blood brain barrier?
400
Can develop into all the possible cell types, can develop into some cells like a committed germ cell
What are totipotent and pluripotent cells?
400
Undifferentiated cells derived from a preimplantation embryo that are capable of dividing without differentiating for a prolonged period in culture and are known to develop into cells and tissues of the three primary germ layers
What are embryonic stem cells?
400
The condition in which no net ionic influx occurs across a membrane because ion concentration gradients and opposing transmembrane potentials are in exact balance
What is electrochemical equilibrium?
400
Animals associate one feature of their environment with another
What is associative learning?
400
A type of associate learning in which an animal learns to associate one of its behaviors with a reward or punishment
What is operant conditioning?
500
An organizer of the embryo body plan, inducing changes in surrounding tissues to form notochord, neural tube, and so on
What is the dorsal lip?
500
The ability of a particular stem cell to generate different types of differentiated cells
What is stem cell potency?
500
The equilibrium potential of K+ is ___________ and that of Na+ is ____________, as dictated by this equation.
What is negative, positive, and the Nernst equation?
500
Fight or flight response, is a part of this system ____________ and uses this neurotransmitter __________
What is the sympathetic nervous system and noradrenaline?
500
Some drugs are addictive because they _____________ activity of the brain’s ______________ but the ____________ pathway