Principles of Topical Analgesics
This product numbs sore areas. It is used for the pain and swelling of an arthritis flare or joint injury, such as a sprained ankle. It may reduce inflammation by constricting blood flow to the injured area.
Cold pack application
What percentage is Diclofenac sodium gel (Voltaren Gel®; Endo Pharmaceuticals)
1%
Capsaicin is a highly selective agonist for the__________________, which is expressed on central and peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons.
Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid-receptor type 1 (TRPV1),
This product is extremely soluble and dissolves quickly through the skin making it a very effective systemic, but poor topical opioid.
Fentanyl
In 2000, topical medications for pain accounted for___
6%
This product relax your muscles. It dilates blood vessels, sending more oxygen and blood to the area. It also decreases the sensation of pain.
Heat Packs
The primary outcome measure was the clinical success rate is defined by
>/= 50% pain reduction
What is the active ingredient for Zonalon® 5% Cream
Doxepin
There are some opioids that are inert on the skin surface.
Hydrocodone, codeine, and tramadol are pro-drugs which require liver metabolism to convert them to active compounds.
Of the $17.8 billion spent annually on pain medications in the United States in 2007,________ was accounted for by analgesics/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
$ 1.9 billion
The most commonly used topical agents in clinical practice is
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents
Topical Diclofenac Gel Over the counter was approved on
2020 on Valentine's Day
Topical administration of clonidine effectively reduces pain intensity in
Painful diabetic polyneuropathy
Burn wounds are treated with______
Morphine Infused Silver Sulfadiazene
You can apply cold using a commercial cold pack or use more economic method like:
Zippable plastic freezer or storage bags filled with ice and water, A washcloth or hand towel dipped into cold water and ice, A bag of frozen vegetables, such as peas or corn
The most important benefit associated with topical administration is:
Tissue concentrations > systemic ◦ Minimizes plasma concentrations and associated adverse effects
What is the compounded pharmacy strength Indomethacin
1%
•Topical ketamine has been used as compounded formulations alone in concentrations from ________or in combination with other (co-)analgesics.
0.5% to 20%
Ischemic ulcers, pressure ulcers, and tumors are treated with
Morphine 1% concentration in inter-site gel
Which topical agent has been shown in randomized, placebo-controlled studies to reduce pain in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis or Achilles tendinopathy?
Topical glyceryl trinitrate
These are used as carrier systems, which aid in the delivery of an active drug
Topical vehicles
The ACP and AAFP recommend that clinicians treat patients with acute pain from musculoskeletal injuries with topical (NSAIDs) drugs with or without _____ as first-line therapy
Menthol gel
This topical product's mechanisms of action include:CB1 antagonist, CB2 negative allosteric modulator, TRPV1 and Mu and delta opioid modulator.
Topical Analgesic CBD-Cannabidiol
Topical Opioids provide modest relief for about
7-8 hours
Approximately _____of the adjuvant class included spending for topical products.
9%