The poem
Where does the poem take place?
Garden River Reserve
What device is used when the poem repeats "THIS IS INDIAN LAND"?
Repetition
What year did the Ipperwash Crisis take place?
1995
What structure is described throughout the poem?
A bridge
What device is used when the bridge is described as being able to "speak"?
Personification
Where did the Ipperwash Crisis take place?
Ipperwash Provincial Park in Ontario
What phrase is repeated throughout the poem?
"THIS IS INDIAN LAND"
What device is used in "the bridge needs to howl"?
Personification
Which First Nation was involved in the Ipperwash protest?
Stoney Point First Nation
What does the speaker realize the bridge represents?
It represents the voices, history, and struggles of Indigenous people.
What device is used when the bridge is called a "war zone picket sign"?
Metaphor
What was one major issue behind the protest?
The return of traditional Indigenous land.
Why does the speaker say they are not actually "in the middle of nowhere"?
Because the land has a deep history and meaning to the Indigenous community.
What is the effect of personifying the bridge?
It makes the bridge represent the voices of Indigenous people who may not be heard.
How does Ipperwash connect to the poem?
Both involve Indigenous land rights, resistance, history, and the importance of Indigenous voices being heard.