This electoral system can have either open lists or closed lists
What is proportional representation
100
This Canadian province attempted and failed to implement electoral reform after systemic failures in 1997 and 2001
What is British Columbia
100
The chief executive and cabinet are subject to assembly confidence in this legislative system
What is parliamentary
100
This phrase refers to the number of members to be elected in each electoral district
What is district magnitude (M)
100
This military action is the most common way democratic governments are toppled
What is a coup
200
Manufactured majorities are common in this electoral system used in the US, UK, Canada, and the Bahamas.
What is FPTP
200
This country successfully transitioned from FPTP to MMP after systemic failures in its 1978 and 1981 elections
What is New Zealand
200
The chief executive and cabinet have origin and survival fully separate from the assembly in this type of democracy
What is presidentialism
200
A minimum percentage of the vote required for a party to win assembly seats is called this
What is a threshold
200
A formal agreement between parliamentary parties to jointly rule and share cabinet positions is this type of government
What is a coalition government
300
A favorite among comparative scholars, this mixed system has district-level representation and national proportionality
What is Mixed Member Proportional (MMP)
300
This famous Canadian politician abandoned his promise of electoral reform after his party won a large parliamentary majority in the 2015 nation election
Who is Justin Trudeau
300
This political scientist railed against the "perils of presidentialism"
Who is Juan Linz
300
The US Senate, whose members represent vastly different numbers of citizens, is an example of this
What is malapportionment
300
This kind of problem occurs when a group of individuals would benefit from a certain action, but the costs for each individual make it unlikely she will engage in the action
What is a collective action problem
400
Pippa Norris places electoral systems in these four main categories
What are majoritarian, semi-proportional, proportional representation, and mixed
400
This state has 66 times more representation per person than California in the US Senate
What is Wyoming
400
This phrase refers to the separation of powers, and is one of the key benefits of strong presidential systems
What are checks and balances
400
The aggregate difference between the percentage of votes each party gets and the percentage of seats each party gets in the resulting legislature is called this
What is disproportionality
400
The 6 Senators from these three states represent one quarter of the US population
What are California, Texas, and New York
500
This system is the alternative vote (AV) when M>1
What is STV
500
In the last 25 years, these two Asian countries switched from SNTV to MMM in their lower chamber legislative elections, leaving Afghanistan the only notable country to use SNTV in such elections.
What are Taiwan and Japan
500
In this semi-presidential system type, the prime minister and cabinet are dually accountable to the president and the assembly majority
What is a president-parliamentary system
500
This concept refers to how easy it is for new parties to emerge and win seats in an assembly
What is electoral permissiveness
500
This middle eastern leader thwarted a 2016 coup in part by facetiming with the public