Ideology
**Earlier this term, I asked you for your favourite animals. What were the top 3 most common answers?
Dog
Dolphin
Cat
What are the two uses of a constitution?
1. Denotes overall structure of a state's political system and political culture.
2. Outlines basic institutions of the state, how to change them, and the rights and obligations of citizens.
What are interest groups and what are Puhle's eight types of interest groups?
Interest groups promote sectional interests in political systems. Insider groups focus on lobbying, outsider groups focus on winning public opinion. Puhle's eight types of interest groups are: professional associations, groups of business, trade unions, agricultural organizations, single-interest groups, ideological interest groups, public interest groups and welfare associations.
What did the Treaty of Versailles do (1919)?
The Treaty of Versailles established the League of Nations, which was the precursor to the United Nations. It also imposed harsh penalties on Germany for their role in World War 1. Some say that the strict liberal ideals of the League and harsh penalization of Germany ensured World War 2 would break out. It took Germany 93 years to pay off the reparations.
Name two African countries and their capitals.
There are literally 54 options
What is intersectionality?
Posits that different forms of subordination often accompany each other. Sexism, racism, classism, and homophobia can all be part of the same burden women face.
Intersectionality sheds light on the divisions between different groups of feminist scholars and activists and can help explain why alliances form within ethnic and class-based groups that seem to operate against what some forms of feminist thought would suggest.
Crenshaw: bring these different forms of discrimination together, since they all intersect and cause serious problems of health, safety, and well-being for women of colour.
What is federalism? Why do we have it (2)? What are the two key institutions of federalism?
Federalism is when power is divided between different authorities of government who have sovereignty in their own spheres (i.e. provincial and federal). Federalism is advantageous in geographically large places, where local governments make regional control more feasible and where there is a diverse population to increase minority representation in governance. Two key federal institutions are two chambers of parliament (one made up of regional representatives) and a constitutional court (for federalist dispute resolution).
**Based on your midterms, what are some hot tips for doing well on this exam?
Claire's response: answer the questions! Do not worry about spelling and grammar, but organization (i.e. "first, I will argue... next, I will move on to...") is helpful. Use concrete examples, but EXPLAIN why you are using this example. Explain your causal reasoning.
What is constructivism?
Constructivism challenges (neo)realism and (neo)liberalism to say that the values and arrangements of international relations are made up based on the values of the populations of the day.
What three Indigenous nations' land ovelaps in Vancouver? Whose land does the UBC Vancouver campus sit on?
Musqueam, Squamish and Tsleil Waututh. UBC Vancouver campus is on Musqueam land only.
Pick an ideology and define it (classical liberalism, neoliberalism, socialism, conservatism, social conservatism, neoconservatism, nationalism, fascism, anarchism, populism).
Classical liberalism: individualism as a central theme, limiting role of the state, maximal freedoms.
Neoliberalism: emphasis on social reform, increasing liberty by expanding opportunity.
Socialism: communism and social democracy, based on optimism about human nature, equality and community.
Conservatism: defence of traditions, resistant to change, pro-hierarchy, emphasis on law and order.
Social conservatism: preservation of traditional values.
Neoconservatism: promotion of patriotism over dissent, opposition to world government.
Nationalism: emphasis on self-determination of nations. Inclusive dimensions of civic nationalism based on who chooses nationalism, and exclusive dimensions based on inherited membership.
Fascism: extreme nationalism (Hitler, Mussolini).
Anarchism: state regarded as illegitimate, society would function better without the state.
Populism: for the people as opposed to elites.
What are the conditions for just law (8)?
General in scope, public, prospective rather than retroactive, clear, consistent, relatively constant, capable of being obeyed, enforced as written.
Explain what infrapolitics and subaltern studies are.
Looks at politics from "below" - the grassroots level, to ask how people see politics and how they make decisions about engaging with states and rulers. Infrapolitics makes reference to leadership by non-elites and the use of covert resistance against elitism, by doing things like deserting military service, quietly boycotting state institutions, etc. Subaltern studies is the study of non-Western politics without referring to Western politics as the hegemonic norms.
What is the security dilemma?
Because there is no international sovereign over states, states are constantly competing for power. Amalgamation of power by one state, therefore, is inherently a threat to another that can cause international conflict.
Name two current or purportedly incoming US Cabinet members.
What is an ideology? How do ideologies shape politics?
Ideologies are sets of ideas meant to describe political orders, present an ideal vision of political orders and prescribe a means for transformation into the ideal order.
Ideologies are action-oriented, combine multiple concepts and both reflect and shape history.
Examples: liberalism (has helped uphold the free market), socialism (has helped build welfare states), conservatism (supports rule of law governing), etc.
**What is your personal advice to your classmates for doing well on exams?
Claire's: make sure you fully read and understand the questions. We have to mark based on what was taught to you in this class, so draw from what you know. Spend more time planning than you do writing. Remember that you are smart enough to be here. Eat a banana beforehand. I also like to chew gum during exams.
How does the media work, and why is this becoming a challenge?
Four functions: (magic bullet) media injecting audiences with messages to push them in one direction, (two-step influence) media influential only as their messages are reinforced by elites, people using the media for gratification and audiences misinterpreting media messages. New communications make media (social media) a public sphere, easing political organization, creating a wider opportunity for commentary and transforming decision-making.
What is the difference between realism and liberalism? What about neoliberalism and neorealism?
The rise of realism is a response to perceived failures of liberalism that led to World War 2. Realism places emphasis on how things really are, rather than how they ought to be and emphasizes the struggle for power and security by states in spaces of international anarchy (i.e. without one global leader). Without an international sovereign over states, other mechanisms - balance of power, deterrence theory and cooperation - can mitigate the likelihood of war breaking out. However, some leaders cannot be deterred so others must always be prepared.
Neorealism places emphasis on structures of the international system and how to determine how states will behave. Neoliberalism adopts some principles of realism (like the idea of deterrence) but says that international institutions play a role and that states can be influenced by non-state actors.
Getting you prepared for next term: List the Canadian provinces (10) and territories (3).
Provinces: BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, PEI, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick.
Territories: Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut.